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<p>
        Below you can see a table with the Turkish <strong>demonstratives</strong>. The English word <strong>this</strong>
        translates into Turkish as <strong>bu</strong>. The English word <strong>that</strong> has two translations into
        Turkish. <strong>Şu</strong> refers to objects that are too far away to use <strong>bu</strong>, but are in sight.
        <strong>O</strong> is normally used for referring to objects that are out of sight, but can always be used instead of <strong>şu</strong>.
    </p>
    <table class="ui celled definition table">
		<thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Singular</th>
				<th>Plural</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Nearby object</td>
				<td>Bu</td>
				<td>Bunlar</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Object further away in sight</td>
				<td>Şu</td>
				<td>Şunlar</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Further away or abstract</td>
				<td>O</td>
				<td>Onlar</td>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
    </table>
    <p>Note that the plural forms take the suffix <strong>lar</strong>. For some reason the buffer letter <strong>n</strong> is added before this ending.</p>
    <p>
        We can use demonstratives as nouns:
    </p>
    <table class="ui celled fixed table">
        <tbody><tr>
            <td>This is coffee.</td>
            <td>Bu kahve.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>That<sup>IN SIGHT</sup> is a cat.</td>
            <td>Şu bir kedi.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>That is a good idea.</td>
            <td>O iyi bir fikir.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>These are beautiful.</td>
            <td>Bunlar güzel.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Those<sup>IN SIGHT</sup> are ugly.</td>
            <td>Şunlar çirkin.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Those are big</td>
            <td>Onlar büyük.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody></table>
    <p>
        Or we can use them in front of nouns as determiners:
    </p>
    <table class="ui celled fixed table">
        <tbody><tr>
            <td>This coffee is nice.</td>
            <td>Bu kahve güzel.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Those<sup>IN SIGHT</sup> cats are small.</td>
            <td><strong>Şu</strong> kediler küçük.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Those dogs are very big.</td>
            <td><strong>O</strong> köpekler çok büyük.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody></table>
    <p>
        Note that if we use demonstratives as determiners in front of nouns, the demonstrative is always in its singular
        form, regardless of whether the noun is singular or plural.
    </p>

Demonstratives

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

phrase

postposition

pronoun

sentence

Unknown

verb

VERB - ablative

VERB - accusative

VERB - auxiliary

VERB - dative

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - locative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - transitive, non-causative

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
this	bu
that^{IN SIGHT}	şu
that^{NOT NECESSARILY IN SIGHT}	o
these	bunlar
those^{IN SIGHT}	şunlar
those^{NOT NECESSARILY IN SIGHT}	onlar
This is coffee.	Bu kahve.
That is a cat.	Şu (bir) kedi.
idea^F	fikir
That is a good idea.	O iyi (bir) fikir.
These are beautiful.	Bunlar güzel(ler).
ugly	çirkin
Those are ugly.	Şunlar çirkin.
Those are big.	Onlar büyük.
This coffee is lovely.	Bu kahve güzel.
Those cats are small.	Şu kediler küçük.
Those dogs are very big.	O köpekler çok büyük(ler).

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