Learn Turkish: Düşman sonunda teslim olmaya mecbur kalacak. - The enemy will eventually be forced to surrender.

To say someone is forced to do an action, Turkish turns the action into a noun using the short verbal noun suffix -mA (here, ol-ma). Because the phrase mecbur kalmak (to be forced) always points to an action, it requires the Dative case. We add the buffer -y- and the Dative suffix -a, resulting in teslim olmaya.

What is the difference between mecbur olacak and mecbur kalacak?

Both mean someone has to do something, but kalmak (to stay/remain) emphasizes the lack of alternatives. While mecbur olmak is a general "to be obliged to," mecbur kalmak means "to be left with no choice" or "to be forced by circumstances."

The lesson notes that a possessive suffix can optionally follow the -mA verbal noun. Why isn't there one on olmaya?

When the person performing the verbal noun action (surrendering) is the same as the subject of the main verb (the enemy), the possessive suffix is usually dropped because it's already obvious who is doing it. The possessive is mostly required when the subjects are different (e.g., "I am forced to tolerate his complaining").

The word sonunda translates to "eventually", but what are its literal grammatical parts?