Kaptan, rüzgârın sürati etkilediğini söylüyor.
The captain is saying that the wind affects the speed.
Breakdown of Kaptan, rüzgârın sürati etkilediğini söylüyor.
söylemek
to say, to sing
etkilemek
to affect
rüzgâr
wind
kaptan
captain
sürat
speed
Questions & Answers about Kaptan, rüzgârın sürati etkilediğini söylüyor.
Why is the word for 'wind' written as rüzgârın with a genitive ending here?
This sentence has an embedded clause: 'that the wind affects the speed'. In Turkish, the subject of this kind of embedded noun clause takes the genitive case. Since the wind is doing the affecting, rüzgâr (wind) becomes rüzgârın (literally 'the wind's').
Break down the word etkilediğini. How does it agree with rüzgârın?
The verb etkilemek (to affect) gets the non-future suffix -dik to turn it into a noun. Because the clause's subject (rüzgârın) is genitive, the verb acts like a possessed noun and takes the third-person possessive suffix -i, making etkilediği (literally 'its affecting'). Finally, the accusative suffix -ni is added because this entire clause is the direct object of what the captain is saying (söylüyor).
Why does sürat (speed) take the accusative suffix -i to become sürati?
Inside the embedded clause, the speed is the specific thing being affected. Because it is the definite direct object of the inner verb etkilemek, it requires the accusative case.
Why doesn't the 't' in sürati change to a 'd' through consonant mutation?
Normally, a word ending in 't' changes to 'd' when a vowel suffix is added (like kağıt becoming kağıdı). However, sürat is a loanword from Arabic. Many of these foreign loanwords are exceptions to the consonant mutation rule, so the 't' stays hard.
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