Breakdown of Yeni yaptırımlar ekonomiyi etkiledi.
yeni
new
etkilemek
to affect
ekonomi
economy
yaptırım
sanction
Questions & Answers about Yeni yaptırımlar ekonomiyi etkiledi.
How does the abstract noun suffix -ım work in the word yaptırımlar?
The word starts with the base verb yapmak (to do). Adding the causative suffix gives us yaptırmak (to make someone do, to enforce). Then, we add the abstract noun suffix -ım to the stem yaptır- to get yaptırım (sanction/enforcement). This suffix turns verbs into nouns that represent the result or concept of the action. Finally, the plural -lar makes it yaptırımlar.
Could we just say ekonomi etkiledi instead of ekonomiyi etkiledi?
No, because that would change the meaning entirely. Without the accusative case, ekonomi etkiledi would mean 'The economy affected (something)'. To show that the economy is the thing being affected (the direct object), and because it is a specific, definite thing ('the' economy), it requires the accusative case suffix -i. The buffer -y- is used because the word ends in a vowel.
What is the root of etkiledi, and how does it become a verb?
The root is the noun etki (effect). The suffix -le (or -la) is a very common way to turn nouns or adjectives into verbs, creating etkilemek (to affect). Then the definite past tense -di is added. Interestingly, etki itself is derived from the very common helper verb etmek (to do/make) plus the noun-forming suffix -ki.