Learn Turkish: Alınırsa söylenir. - If he takes offense, he grumbles.

The root is al (take). We add the reflexive suffix -ın to get alınmak. Imagine taking something emotionally to yourself—in Turkish, this idiomatically means "to take offense" or "to be hurt".

Why does söylenir mean "grumbles" instead of "says"?

The base verb is söylemek (to say). When we add the reflexive suffix -n, it becomes söylenmek, which literally means "to say things to oneself". In everyday Turkish, this is the standard word for "grumbling", "muttering", or "complaining".

Can you break down the suffixes in Alınırsa?

Sure! It is al-ın-ır-sa. That is the root al (take) + -ın (reflexive) + -ır (the aorist / simple present tense, showing a general habit) + -sa (the conditional "if" suffix). Together it means "If he takes offense".

I have learned that the -(I)n suffix makes verbs passive. Are these verbs passive or reflexive here?

They are reflexive here, but you spotted a tricky overlap! The -(I)n suffix is used for both reflexive verbs and for the passive voice of verbs that end in a vowel or the letter "l". While alınmak can technically mean "to be taken" and söylenmek can mean "to be said", this sentence describes personal behavior, making the reflexive meanings the only ones that make sense.