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Questions & Answers about Öğretmenin notu kısa.
Why is the suffix on öğretmen just -in and not -nin?
The genitive suffix translates to 's or of. The full suffix has a buffer n (like -nin or -nın) to separate two vowels. Since öğretmen (teacher) ends in a consonant, we do not need the buffer letter. We just add -in to match the e in vowel harmony.
Why does the word not change to notu?
In Turkish, the genitive case works like a two-part bridge. You add a suffix to the owner (öğretmenin) AND a possessive suffix to the thing being owned (notu). You cannot have one without the other when showing possession like this.
How do we know to use -u for the possessive suffix on not?
It follows 4-way vowel harmony. The last (and only) vowel in not is o. According to the rules of 4-way harmony, words whose last vowel is an o or u take a suffix with u.
Where is the word for 'is' in this sentence?
There is not one! In Turkish, the present tense 'is' for third-person subjects (he, she, it, or a noun like 'the note') is usually invisible. Just putting the adjective kısa (short) at the end of the sentence is enough to mean 'is short'.