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Questions & Answers about Şapkan şurada.
How do we know "şapkan" means "your hat"?
The base word is şapka (hat). To make it "your hat", we add the possessive suffix. Because şapka already ends in a vowel, we just add -n instead of -ın or -in.
Do I need to say "senin" (your) before "şapkan"?
No, it is not required. The suffix -n already shows that it is "your" hat. You could say senin şapkan if you really wanted to emphasize that it is your hat and not someone else's, but usually the pronoun is left out.
What is the -da at the end of şurada?
That is the locative suffix, which means "in", "on", or "at" in English. Şura means "that place" (pointing slightly away), so adding -da makes it şurada, meaning "at that place" or "over there".
Why isn't there a word for "is" in this sentence?
Turkish doesn't use a separate verb for "is" in simple descriptive sentences like this. When you put the subject (şapkan) and the location (şurada) together, the "is" is naturally understood.