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### The Postposition "Beri" (Since)

To say that an action or situation has been ongoing "since" a specific point in time, use the postposition *beri*. The noun preceding it takes the **ablative case** (*-den / -dan* or *-ten / -tan*) to mark the starting point.

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### Life Stages

You can also use this structure with nouns representing stages of life, like childhood (*çocukluk*), high school (*lise*), or university (*üniversite*).

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### Events and Milestones

Similarly, you can mark the beginning of a situation triggered by an event or milestone—like a birth (*doğum*), graduation (*mezuniyet*), or crisis (*kriz*)—by adding the ablative case followed by *beri*.

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Time origin (beri)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
since	beri
I have been working since morning.	Sabahtan beri çalışıyorum.
It has been raining since yesterday.	Dünden beri yağmur yağıyor.
childhood	çocukluk
He has been afraid of animals since childhood.	Çocukluktan beri hayvanlardan korkuyor.
I have known him since childhood.	Onu çocukluktan beri tanıyorum.
high school	lise
I have been playing the guitar since high school.	Liseden beri gitar çalıyorum.
He hasn't been happy since high school because he is lonely.	Liseden beri mutlu değil çünkü yalnız.
university	üniversite
We have been living here since university.	Üniversiteden beri burada yaşıyoruz.
We have been friends since university.	Üniversiteden beri arkadaşız.
war	savaş
Everything has been very expensive since the war.	Savaştan beri her şey çok pahalı.
There have been new people in this village since the war.	Savaştan beri bu köyde yeni insanlar var.
birth	doğum
The baby has been sick since birth.	Bebek doğumdan beri hasta.
He has been crying constantly since birth because he is sick.	Doğumdan beri sürekli ağlıyor çünkü hasta.
crisis	kriz
People have been poorer since the crisis.	Krizden beri insanlar daha fakir.
Finding a job has been difficult since the crisis.	Krizden beri iş bulmak zor.
graduation	mezuniyet
I have been working every day since graduation.	Mezuniyetten beri her gün çalışıyorum.
We haven't met at all since graduation.	Mezuniyetten beri hiç buluşmadık.
earthquake	deprem
They have been staying on the street since the earthquake.	Depremden beri sokakta kalıyorlar.
The building has been empty since the earthquake.	Depremden beri bina boş.
foundation	kuruluş
She has been working in this company since its foundation.	Kuruluştan beri bu şirkette çalışıyor.
The hotel has been very crowded since its foundation.	Otel kuruluştan beri çok kalabalık.
in the old days, formerly	eskiden
In the old days, we lived in a village.	Eskiden köyde yaşadık.
This street used to be very quiet.	Eskiden bu sokak çok sessizdi.
In the old days, there was a bakery here.	Eskiden burada bir fırın vardı.