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### Imagining Possibilities: The Present Conditional

When you want to talk about a hypothetical scenario—like what you would do if you changed your daily routines—Turkish uses the conditional suffix `-sa` or `-se` (following 2-way vowel harmony).

To form the "if" clause, attach this suffix directly to the verb stem, followed by a personal ending. Note that for this structure, the first person singular takes `-m` and the first person plural takes `-k`.

**Verb Stem + `-sa` / `-se` + Personal Ending**

For example, starting with `okumak` (to read), the stem is `oku`. Add `-sa` and the "you" ending `-n` to get `okusan` (If you read). The result clause (what *would* happen) usually uses the aorist (broad tense) to describe the expected outcome.

{{item:830233}}

### Negative Conditionals and "Would"

To say "if I didn't..." or "if we didn't...", insert the negative suffix `-ma` or `-me` right before the conditional suffix. 

**Verb Stem + `-ma` / `-me` + `-sa` / `-se` + Personal Ending**

Notice that the result clause sometimes combines the aorist with the past tense (like `-rdI` or `-mazdI`), specifically meaning what someone *would* or *wouldn't* do in that imagined situation.

{{item:830235}}

You can also pair a positive "if" clause with a negative "wouldn't" result:

{{item:830237}}

### More Examples

The `-sa` / `-se` suffix gives the meaning of "if" all on its own, though you can also add the word `eğer` (if) at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. 

{{item:830240}}

Whether a verb ends in a vowel or a consonant, the pattern is exactly the same. Let's look at a few more examples with different subjects:

{{item:830244}}

{{item:830246}}

Present hypothetical conditionals (-(y)sa)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
nutrition	beslenme
beneficial	faydalı
If you read about nutrition, you would learn beneficial things.	Beslenme hakkında okusan faydalı şeyler öğrenirsin.
productive	verimli
If I didn't use my time well, I wouldn't be productive.	Zamanımı iyi kullanmasam verimli olmazdım.
to consume	tüketmek
If we consumed less sugar, we wouldn't get sick.	Daha az şeker tüketsek hasta olmazdık.
style (manner, way)	tarz
energetic	enerjik
If I changed my lifestyle, I would be very energetic.	Hayat tarzımı değiştirsem çok enerjik olurum.
Shall we either go out or stay at home?	Ya dışarı çıkalım ya da evde kalalım mı?
to socialize	sosyalleşmek
routine	rutin
If they socialized more, they would change their boring routines.	Daha çok sosyalleşseler sıkıcı rutinlerini değiştirirler.
to reduce	azaltmak
If we reduced the expenses, we would save money.	Masrafları azaltsak para biriktiririz.
If we did more exercise, it would be beneficial for health.	Daha çok egzersiz yapsak sağlık için faydalı olur.
If you paid attention to your nutrition, you wouldn't consume junk food.	Beslenmene dikkat etsen abur cubur tüketmezdin.
My morning routine is very long, I never feel energetic.	Sabah rutinim çok uzun, hiçbir zaman enerjik hissetmiyorum.
Shall we decrease our working hours to be more productive?	Daha verimli olmak için mesaimizi azaltalım mı?
I don't want to socialize with you today.	Bugün seninle sosyalleşmek istemiyorum.
If you ran faster, you would catch the train.	Daha hızlı koşsan trene yetişirsin.
to increase (transitive	artırmak
If I changed my lifestyle, I would increase my success.	Eğer hayat tarzımı değiştirsem, başarımı artırırım.
If you worked regularly, you would increase your income.	Düzenli çalışsan, gelirini artırırsın.