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### Handling Complaints

When navigating customer service scenarios, you need to identify exactly *who* is experiencing an issue. To do this, you need a way to describe a client whose order is late, or a guest whose room was not cleaned.

### The "Whose" Relative Clause (-(y)An)

In English, we use the word "whose" to link a person to their problem. Turkish handles this by combining a possessed noun with the subject relative clause suffix **-(y)An**.

The structure works like this:

| Possessed Item | Action (Verb + -(y)An) | Target Noun | English Translation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **valizi** (his/her suitcase) | **kaybolan** (that got lost) | **yolcu** (passenger) | the passenger whose suitcase got lost |
| **siparişi** (his/her order) | **bekletilen** (that is kept waiting) | **müşteri** (customer) | the customer whose order is kept waiting |

Notice that the item owned by the customer must take the 3rd person possessive suffix (e.g., **valiz-i**, **sipariş-i**). Then, the verb describing what happened to that item takes the **-(y)An** suffix, acting as an adjective for the target noun.

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### Negative "Whose" Clauses

To describe someone whose item did *not* receive a certain action, simply add the negative suffix **-mA** to the verb stem before adding the relative suffix. 

Since the negative suffix ends in a vowel, you will always use the buffer letter **y**, resulting in **-mayan** or **-meyen**.

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### Dropping the Noun

Just like regular adjectives in Turkish, you can drop the target noun entirely if the context is clear. When you do this, any plural or case suffixes that belonged to the noun attach directly to the **-(y)An** suffix.

For example, instead of saying "the people whose problem is not solved" (**sorunu çözülmeyen insanlar**), you can simply say "those whose problem is not solved" (**sorunu çözülmeyenler**).

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Possessive relative clauses (-(y)An)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
suitcase (small)	valiz
aggrieved / victimized	mağdur
The passenger whose suitcase got lost is very aggrieved.	Valizi kaybolan yolcu çok mağdur.
to be cleaned	temizlenmek
The guests whose room was not cleaned are waiting at the reception.	Odası temizlenmeyen misafirler resepsiyonda bekliyor.
receipt (official)	makbuz
to be approved	onaylanmak
The customer whose receipt was approved left, leaving the invoice on the table.	Makbuzu onaylanan müşteri, faturayı masaya bırakarak çıktı.
to be kept waiting	bekletilmek
priority	öncelik
We give priority to the customers whose orders are kept waiting.	Siparişi bekletilen müşterilere öncelik veriyoruz.
glitch / disruption	aksaklık
to be resolved / to be solved	çözülmek
The system whose glitch was resolved is working again.	Aksaklığı çözülen sistem yeniden çalışıyor.
Those whose problems were not resolved are still waiting.	Sorunu çözülmeyenler hâlâ bekliyor.
dissatisfied	memnuniyetsiz
Why are the workers whose salaries are kept waiting dissatisfied?	Maaşı bekletilen işçiler neden memnuniyetsiz?
The guests whose receipts were not approved look angry.	Makbuzu onaylanmayan misafirler kızgın görünüyor.
Because of this glitch, we had to give priority to the passengers whose flights were delayed.	Bu aksaklık yüzünden, uçuşu geciken yolculara öncelik vermemiz lazımdı.
The passenger whose suitcase got damaged asked for compensation by complaining.	Valizi hasar gören yolcu şikâyet ederek tazminat istedi.
The customer whose table was not cleaned complained when the waiter arrived.	Masası temizlenmeyen müşteri, garson gelince şikâyet etti.
The student whose homework was not finished had to stay at school.	Ödevi bitmeyen öğrencinin okulda kalması lazımdı.
The customer whose order was delayed is aggrieved and dissatisfied.	Siparişi geciken müşteri mağdur ve memnuniyetsiz.