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### Forming Ordinal Numbers

To say "first," "second," "third," etc., Turkish uses the suffix **-(I)ncI** attached to the end of a number. This suffix follows four-way vowel harmony, appearing as **-ıncı, -inci, -uncu,** or **-üncü**.

Two spelling rules to remember:
- **Numbers ending in a vowel:** The first vowel of the suffix drops. For example, *iki* + *inci* becomes **ikinci** (not *ikiinci*).
- **Consonant mutation:** The number *dört* (four) changes its final **t** to a **d**, becoming **dördüncü**.

| Number | Ordinal | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| bir | birinci | first |
| iki | ikinci | second |
| üç | üçüncü | third |
| dört | dördüncü | fourth |
| beş | beşinci | fifth |
| altı | altıncı | sixth |

### Floors of a Building

Ordinal numbers are commonly used to state which floor an apartment or office is on. Note that the "ground floor" does not use a number; it is called the **zemin kat**.

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### Competitions and Rankings

You will also use ordinal numbers to state ranks (**derece**) in a competition (**yarışma**).

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Rankings are often paired with specific medals (**madalya**): gold (**altın**), silver (**gümüş**), and bronze (**bronz**).

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Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
elevator	asansör
ground	zemin
Is the elevator going down to the ground floor?	Asansör zemin kata iniyor mu?
Our office is not on the ground floor, it is on the first floor.	Bizim ofisimiz zemin katta değil, birinci katta.
apartment / flat	daire
Our new apartment is on the fourth floor.	Yeni dairemiz dördüncü katta.
The elevator is very important for this building.	Asansör bu bina için çok önemli.
competition	yarışma
The competition starts tomorrow at two o'clock.	Yarışma yarın saat ikide başlıyor.
The third team was very successful in the competition.	Üçüncü takım yarışmada çok başarılıydı.
prize / award	ödül
There is a big prize for the first and second team.	Birinci ve ikinci takım için büyük bir ödül var.
rank / degree	derece
My sibling wants a good rank in the competition.	Kardeşim yarışmada iyi bir derece istiyor.
medal	madalya
The fifth student is not getting a prize or a medal.	Beşinci öğrenci ödül veya madalya almıyor.
gold	altın
The first team's medal was gold.	Birinci takımın madalyası altındı.
The first group is getting a gold medal.	Birinci grup altın madalya alıyor.
silver	gümüş
There is a silver medal for the second person.	İkinci kişi için gümüş madalya var.
bronze	bronz
Is the third team getting a bronze medal?	Üçüncü takım bronz madalya alıyor mu?
The fourth person is not getting a silver or bronze medal.	Dördüncü kişi gümüş veya bronz madalya almıyor.
There is no gold medal for the sixth team.	Altıncı takım için altın madalya yok.
Our apartment is on the fifth floor.	Bizim dairemiz beşinci katta.
The student is getting the first rank in the competition.	Öğrenci yarışmada birinci dereceyi alıyor.
first	birinci
The first one got the gold medal.	Birinci altın madalya aldı.
He came first in the competition.	Yarışmada birinci oldu.
second (2nd, ordinal)	ikinci
The second one got the silver medal.	İkinci gümüş madalya aldı.
The flat is on the second floor.	Daire ikinci katta.
third	üçüncü
The third one got the bronze medal.	Üçüncü bronz madalya aldı.
It is a third-degree award.	Üçüncü derece bir ödül.
first, initial	ilk
The first day was very hard.	İlk gün çok zordu.
This is my first competition.	Bu benim ilk yarışmam.

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