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### The three meals

Turkish names two of the three meals with a compound: **öğle** (noon) and **akşam** (evening) each take *yemek* (food) with the possessive **-i**.

| meal | literally |
|---|---|
| *kahvaltı* | breakfast — its own word |
| {{item:829298}} | the noon's food |
| {{item:829301}} | the evening's food |

At the table you will hear {{item:829304}} — said *before* eating as *enjoy your meal*, and *after* as a reply to thanks for the food.

### Time that is spent, and time that is missed

{{item:829307}} is the transitive partner of *geçmek*: not *to pass* but **to spend** or *to put something through*. Hence {{item:829310}}, *to spend time*.

{{item:829313}} is *to be late* — literally *to remain late*. Note it is **kalmak**, not *olmak*.

### At school

{{item:829316}} is *to study*. Do not say *ders yapmak*: the fixed pairing is with **çalışmak** (to work). And an exam is something you *enter* in Turkish — {{item:829319}}, with the dative.

Meals, study and the passing day

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
lunch	öğle yemeği
Lunch is at ten o'clock.	Öğle yemeği saat onda.
We are eating fish at lunch.	Öğle yemeğinde balık yiyoruz.
dinner	akşam yemeği
My mother is making dinner.	Akşam yemeğini annem yapıyor.
The dinner is very nice.	Akşam yemeği çok güzel.
enjoy your meal	afiyet olsun
Enjoy your meal, the soup is hot.	Afiyet olsun, çorba sıcak.
Thank you! Enjoy your meal.	Teşekkürler! Afiyet olsun.
to spend (time), to pass (something)	geçirmek
We are spending the holiday in the village.	Tatili köyde geçiriyoruz.
I am spending the time here.	Zamanı burada geçiriyorum.
to spend time	vakit geçirmek
I like spending time with my friends.	Arkadaşlarımla vakit geçirmeyi seviyorum.
I am spending time with my family.	Ailemle vakit geçiriyorum.
to be late	geç kalmak
I am late for school.	Okula geç kalıyorum.
Do not be late, the lesson is starting.	Geç kalma, ders başlıyor.
to study	ders çalışmak
I study every evening.	Her akşam ders çalışıyorum.
Studying is not hard.	Ders çalışmak zor değil.
to sit an exam	sınava girmek
I am sitting the exam tomorrow.	Yarın sınava giriyorum.
We are sitting the exam today.	Bugün sınava giriyoruz.