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### Adjectives from the Ablative Case

In Turkish, the ablative case endings (**-dan / -den / -tan / -ten**) usually indicate movement away from a place. However, when attached to certain nouns, they freeze into permanent, fixed adjectives.

When attached to words about the inner self, they create adjectives describing sincerity. For example, adding **-ten** to **yürek** (heart) gives us **yürekten**, meaning "wholehearted" or "heartfelt" (literally "from the heart").

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### Adjectives from the Locative Case

The locative case endings (**-da / -de / -ta / -te**) can also form lexicalized adjectives. The most widely used example is **gözde**. Formed from **göz** (eye), it literally means "in the eye" but is used to mean "favorite" or "popular."

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### Expressing Genuine Feelings

Other nouns related to the soul or the inner self use the ablative pattern to describe warmth and friendliness. **Can** (soul, life) becomes **candan** (cordial, genuine).

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Similarly, **iç** (inside) becomes **içten** (sincere). Because these words function exactly like normal adjectives, they can modify nouns directly or sit at the end of a sentence as predicates.

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### The Ordinary

This ablative adjective pattern is not strictly limited to emotions. By adding **-dan** to **sıra** (row, sequence), you get **sıradan**. Literally meaning "from the row," it is the standard Turkish word for "ordinary" or "run-of-the-mill."

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Lexicalized case adjectives (-dan, -da)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
wholehearted, deeply felt	yürekten
I believe this is a wholehearted apology.	Bunun yürekten bir özür olduğuna inanıyorum.
favorite, popular	gözde
well-steeped, strong (for tea)	demli
sip	yudum
You take a sip of steeped tea in this favorite teahouse.	Bu gözde kıraathanede demli çaydan bir yudum alırsınız.
aficionado, addict	tiryaki
stool	tabure
Tea addicts sit on a small stool and drink steeped tea.	Çay tiryakileri küçük bir taburede oturur ve demli çay içer.
cordial, genuine	candan
sincerity	samimiyet
You feel the sincerity of cordial people in every sip.	Candan insanların samimiyetini her yudumda hissedersiniz.
sincere, heartfelt	içten
The sincerity of that favorite venue is very sincere and heartfelt.	O gözde mekânın samimiyeti çok içten ve yürektendir.
heart (courage, feelings)	yürek
An addict sits on a stool and drinks his tea with a cordial heart.	Bir tiryaki taburede oturur ve candan bir yürekle çayını içer.
My friend's sincere voice warms my heart.	Arkadaşımın içten sesi yüreğimi ısıtıyor.
This favorite teahouse is never ordinary.	Bu gözde kıraathane asla sıradan değil.
People are very cordial in this place.	Bu mekânda insanlar çok candan.
The teahouse has a friendly and sincere atmosphere.	Kıraathanenin samimi ve içten bir atmosferi var.