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In English, when we talk about general rules, customs, or etiquette, we often use words like "one," "you," or "people" (for example, "One doesn't speak loudly here"). In Turkish, you express this by putting an intransitive verb into the **passive voice**. This is called an impersonal passive.

### Affirmative Rules (-ilir)

To state a general rule or custom, attach the passive suffix (**-il**, **-in**, or **-n**) followed by the affirmative aorist (simple present) tense suffix (**-ir** or **-ar**).

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### Negative Rules (-ilmez)

To state that something is forbidden or generally not done, attach the negative aorist suffix (**-mez** / **-maz**) to the passive verb stem.

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### Working with Noun Cases

Because these verbs are intransitive, there is no direct object to become the subject of the sentence. If a verb naturally requires a specific noun case—like the dative (direction) or ablative (origin)—those words simply keep their original case endings in the impersonal passive sentence.

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### Asking Questions

To ask if a general rule applies, add the aorist question particle (**mi** / **mı** / **mu** / **mü**) written separately after the impersonal passive verb.

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### Combining Rules

When listing rules for public spaces or etiquette, you can easily combine multiple impersonal passive verbs in the same sentence.

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Impersonal passives (-ilir, -ilmez)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
One doesn't speak with a loud voice in the library.	Kütüphanede yüksek sesle konuşulmaz.
etiquette	görgü
In society, etiquette rules are followed.	Toplumda görgü kurallarına uyulur.
librarian	kütüphaneci
One is quiet while the librarian is working.	Kütüphaneci çalışıyorken sessiz olunur.
to hum / to mutter	mırıldanmak
One doesn't hum songs in the library, and one sits silently.	Kütüphanede şarkı mırıldanılmaz ve sessizce oturulur.
online	çevrimiçi
One doesn't enter the online system from outside.	Dışarıdan çevrimiçi sisteme girilmez.
Does one enter the online system at any hour?	Herhangi bir saatte çevrimiçi sisteme girilir mi?
digital	dijital
to access	erişmek
Digital documents are accessed for free in the library.	Dijital belgelere kütüphanede ücretsiz erişilir.
wireless	kablosuz
One accesses the wireless internet only from inside.	Kablosuz internete sadece içeriden erişilir.
to extend	uzatmak
I cannot extend the digital duration while there is no wireless network.	Kablosuz ağ yokken dijital süreyi uzatamam.
behavior	davranış
No one hums a song because this is very rude behavior.	Kimse şarkı mırıldanmaz çünkü bu çok kaba bir davranış.
I wish everyone had known the etiquette rules in the library.	Keşke herkes kütüphanede görgü kurallarını bilseydi.
We must access the system and extend the books while the librarian is absent.	Kütüphaneci yokken sisteme erişmeliyiz ve kitapları uzatmalıyız.
One doesn't enter the library late, and one doesn't sleep here.	Kütüphaneye geç girilmez ve burada uyunmaz.
public / mass (collective)	toplu
One avoids bad behaviors in public places.	Toplu yerlerde kötü davranışlardan kaçınılır.
One does not speak with a loud voice in public places.	Toplu yerlerde yüksek sesle konuşulmaz.