Either... or... (ya... ya da...)

To present mutually exclusive alternatives, Turkish uses the correlative conjunction ya... ya da... (either... or...).

either... or
ya... ya da

Presenting Choices

Place ya before your first option and ya da before your second option. (The da is optional, but including it is common and natural).

I want either tiles or hardwood floors for the floor.
Zemin için ya fayans ya da parke istiyorum.

You can use this conjunction to link nouns, or to link entire clauses:

Either the wallpaper is very dark or the lighting is very bad.
Ya duvar kağıdı çok karanlık ya da aydınlatma çok kötü.

Matching Grammatical Cases

A key rule when using ya... ya da... is that both options must be grammatically parallel. If the options are the direct object of a verb or describe a location, both items must take the same case endings.

For example, if you are talking about specific objects, both nouns receive the accusative case:

For the new decoration, we need to change either the furniture or the lighting.
Yeni dekorasyon için ya mobilyaları ya da aydınlatmayı değiştirmemiz lazım.

Similarly, if you are pointing out where a problem is located, both options take the locative case (-da / -de / -ta / -te):

The problem is either in the plumbing or in the design.
Problem ya tesisatta ya da tasarımda.