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The postposition **karşı** means "against" or "towards". When expressing opposition to an idea, a law, or an action, you must use it with a noun in the **dative case** (using the **-e** / **-a** suffix, and a buffer **-y-** if the noun ends in a vowel).

### Noun + Dative + Karşı

To say "against racism" (*ırkçılık*), the noun takes the dative suffix (and undergoes consonant mutation: *ırkçılığa*). To say "against the law" (*yasa*), it takes the buffer **-y-** (*yasaya*).

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### Saying "I am against..."

You can also use **karşı** as the main predicate of your sentence by attaching personal "to be" suffixes directly to it. Because **karşı** ends in a vowel, remember to use the buffer **-y-** before suffixes like **-ım** (I am) or **-ız** (We are).

For example, to say "We are against war", "war" takes the dative (*savaşa*), and *karşı* takes the "we are" suffix to become *karşıyız*.

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### Advocating for Rights

This lesson also introduces vocabulary for civil rights, equality, and peaceful protests. While you stand *against* (**karşı**) injustices, you will often march *for* (**için**) positive changes, demand them as direct objects, or join actions to support them.

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Direction and opposition (-e karşı)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
racism	ırkçılık
against, towards	karşı
protest	protesto
Fifteen students are organizing a protest against racism.	On beş öğrenci ırkçılığa karşı bir protesto düzenliyor.
peace (opposite of war)	barış
We are against war, we just want peace.	Biz savaşa karşıyız, sadece barış istiyoruz.
violence	şiddet
action, protest	eylem
Women are holding a big protest against violence.	Kadınlar şiddete karşı büyük bir eylem yapıyor.
equality	eşitlik
Are you joining the equality protest tomorrow?	Yarın eşitlik protestosuna katılıyor musun?
freedom	özgürlük
right (legal/moral)	hak
Peace and the people's freedom are our most important rights.	Barış ve halkın özgürlüğü en önemli haklarımız.
The workers are avoiding violence to defend their rights.	İşçiler haklarını savunmak için şiddetten kaçınıyor.
justice	adalet
Twelve people are walking for justice and freedom.	On iki kişi adalet ve özgürlük için yürüyor.
Is there justice and equality in this country?	Bu ülkede adalet ve eşitlik var mı?
People hate racism and want equality.	İnsanlar ırkçılıktan nefret ediyor ve eşitlik istiyor.
There is a protest against the new law.	Yeni yasaya karşı bir eylem var.
towards	doğru
We are moving towards peace.	Barışa doğru gidiyoruz.
This answer is correct.	Bu cevap doğru.
We are walking towards the school.	Okula doğru yürüyoruz.