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To describe an object as having, containing, or featuring something, Turkish uses the suffix **-lI**. This turns a noun (or noun phrase) into an adjective.

It follows 4-way vowel harmony based on the word's last vowel:

| Last Vowel | Suffix |
| --- | --- |
| a, ı | -lı |
| e, i | -li |
| o, u | -lu |
| ö, ü | -lü |

Attach it directly to a noun to describe an item's contents or characteristics:

{{item:831934}}

{{item:831933}}

If the feature is a multi-word phrase (like a *red ribbon*), attach the suffix to the final word:

{{item:831927}}

{{item:831930}}

You can link multiple **-lI** adjectives with **ve** (and):

{{item:831947}}

These adjectives also make it easy to specify items in a comparison:

{{item:831938}}

Adjectives of inclusion (-lı / -li)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
ribbon	kurdele
bouquet	buket
I want a bouquet with a red ribbon.	Kırmızı kurdeleli bir buket istiyorum.
leaf	yaprak
daisy	papatya
Shall we buy thirty large-leaved daisies?	Otuz tane büyük yapraklı papatya alalım mı?
thorn	diken
rose	gül
I cannot hold the thorny roses.	Dikenli gülleri tutamam.
The first bouquet with roses is very beautiful.	Birinci güllü buket çok güzel.
carnation	karanfil
Shall we tie a green ribbon to the bouquet with carnations?	Karanfilli bukete yeşil bir kurdele bağlayalım mı?
orchid	orkide
The bouquet with orchids is more expensive compared to the bouquet with daisies.	Orkideli buket papatyalı bukete göre daha pahalı.
It was necessary to prepare a bouquet with roses and small leaves.	Güllü ve küçük yapraklı bir buket hazırlamak lazımdı.
flowerpot	saksı
Forty potted carnations will be sold.	Kırk tane saksılı karanfil satılacak.
There are no thorns at all in the second bouquet with roses.	İkinci güllü bukette hiç diken yok.
I want to buy the pot with a blue ribbon for my mother.	Mavi kurdeleli saksıyı annem için almak istiyorum.
I cannot sell the bouquet with red roses.	Kırmızı güllü buketi satamam.
The third bouquet with carnations will be made in twenty minutes.	Üçüncü karanfilli buket yirmi dakikada yapılacak.
tulip	lale
I want a bouquet with orchids and tulips.	Orkideli ve laleli bir buket istiyorum.
The vase with tulips is very beautiful.	Laleli vazo çok güzel.