To describe the state, mood, or condition that results from an action, Turkish uses the suffix -gIn to turn a verb into an abstract adjective.
Because it follows both four-way vowel harmony and consonant mutation, the suffix has eight possible forms: -gın, -gin, -gun, -gün, -kın, -kin, -kun, and -kün. The g changes to k if the verb stem ends in an unvoiced consonant (like t, s, or ş).
Physical and Mental States
You can attach this suffix to verbs to describe physical exhaustion, appearance, or mental focus:
bitmek(to finish/end) +kin=bitkin(exhausted)solmak(to fade) +gun=solgun(pale)dalmak(to dive/plunge) +gın=dalgın(absent-minded)
| He looks very exhausted and pale due to the illness. | Hastalıktan dolayı çok bitkin ve solgun görünüyor. |
| Absent-minded drivers are very dangerous. | Dalgın şoförler çok tehlikeli. |
Moods and Emotions
This pattern is highly productive for describing emotional states and personalities:
küsmek(to be offended) +kün=küskün(resentful)bezmek(to be tired of) +gin=bezgin(weary)coşmak(to overflow/be thrilled) +kun=coşkun(exuberant)tutmak(to hold/keep) +kun=tutkun(passionate / attached)
| Why do you look so absent-minded and resentful? | Neden böyle dalgın ve küskün görünüyorsun? |
| The exuberant fans are very passionate about the team. | Coşkun taraftarlar takıma çok tutkun. |
Conditions and Events
The suffix is also used to describe broader conditions or situations. In some cases, the resulting word is used so often it becomes a noun:
durmak(to stop/still) +gun=durgun(stagnant / quiet)yaymak(to spread) +gın=yaygın(widespread)salmak(to release/let loose) +gın=salgın(epidemic)
| This disease is very widespread here. | Bu hastalık burada çok yaygın. |
| Fortunately, this widespread epidemic did not affect us at all. | İyi ki bu yaygın salgın bizi hiç etkilemedi. |
| The river flows exuberantly in spring, but it becomes still in summer. | Nehir ilkbaharda coşkun akar ama yazın durgun olur. |
Your questions are stored by us to improve Elon.io