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Questions & Answers about Vetenskapen är fascinerande.
How is vetenskap formed, and how do I know if it is an en-word or an ett-word?
It is built from the verb root vet- (from veta, meaning 'to know') and the suffix -skap (similar to '-ship' or '-hood' in English). Words ending in -skap can be tricky because they do not share a single gender. A good rule of thumb is that relationships, groups, or states are often ett-words (like ett äktenskap - a marriage, ett sällskap - a company). Abstract qualities, ideologies, and concepts are usually en-words (like en vetenskap - a science, en vänskap - a friendship). Thus, the definite form used here is vetenskapen.
Why is vetenskapen in the definite form when the English translation just says 'Science'?
When talking about general concepts, abstract ideas, or categories as a whole, Swedish almost always uses the definite form. While English says 'Science is fascinating' or 'Life is beautiful' without the word 'the', Swedish requires the definite article: Vetenskapen är fascinerande and Livet är vackert.
Fascinerande acts like an adjective here. If the subject was an ett-word or plural, would it change form?
No, it would not change. Fascinerande is a present participle (a verb acting as an adjective, typically ending in '-ing' in English). In Swedish, present participles always end in -ande or -ende and are completely indeclinable. This means they never add a -t for ett-words or an -a for plurals.