Nouns ending in -skap (vänskap, sällskap)

The Suffix -skap

The suffix -skap forms abstract nouns, collective nouns, or states of being. It is the Swedish equivalent of the English suffixes "-ship" (as in friendship) and "-scape" (as in landscape).

Unlike many other noun suffixes, words ending in -skap can be either en-words or ett-words.

The En-word Exceptions

While most -skap words are ett-words, a handful of common abstract concepts are en-words. Their definite form ends in -skapen. Important ones to remember include vänskap (friendship), vetenskap (science), and egenskap (quality/trait).

The friendship is important to us.
Vänskapen är viktig för oss.
Science is fascinating.
Vetenskapen är fascinerande.
It is a good quality.
Det är en bra egenskap.

The Ett-word Majority

Aside from those exceptions, you can generally assume a -skap noun is an ett-word. Their definite forms end in -skapet. This includes words for communities, roles, areas, and underlying ideas.

I enjoy the company.
Jag njuter av sällskapet.
The marriage is a long relationship.
Äktenskapet är en lång relation.
The landscape is beautiful in the winter.
Landskapet är vackert på vintern.
Do you understand the message?
Förstår du budskapet?
I would like to pay for the membership.
Jag skulle vilja betala för medlemskapet.