Breakdown of Vem har tränat flitigast för loppet?
vem
who
ha
to have
träna
to exercise
för
for, to
loppet
the race
flitigt
diligently
Questions & Answers about Vem har tränat flitigast för loppet?
How do we form the superlative adverb flitigast (most diligently)?
The base word is the adjective flitig (diligent). To make it a basic adverb, we add -t to get flitigt (diligently). However, for the superlative ("most") form, regular adverbs drop that -t and just add -ast to the root, giving us flitigast.
Is flitigast acting as an adjective or an adverb in this sentence?
It is an adverb! Adjectives describe nouns (like a diligent person), but adverbs describe verbs. Here, flitigast describes how the person trained (har tränat). For regular words, the superlative adverb looks exactly the same as the superlative adjective.
Why is the verb spelled tränat instead of träna or tränar?
Because it follows the helping verb har (has). Together, har tränat makes the present perfect tense ("has trained"). Träna is a regular Group 1 verb, so we form this past-tense form (called the supine) simply by adding a -t to the end.
Why does loppet end in -et?
Because it means "the race". The base word for "race" is an ett-word: ett lopp. To make an ett-word definite (saying "the" instead of "a"), you attach -et to the end of the noun, which gives you loppet.
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