Learn Swedish: Läser han tidningen ofta? - Does he read the newspaper often?

In Swedish, you don't use a helper word like 'do' or 'does' to ask a yes/no question. Instead, you just put the verb first. So, han läser (he reads) simply becomes läser han (does he read).

Läser ends in -er. Is this how all verbs look in the present tense?

Not all, but it is the rule for Group 2 verbs! While Group 1 verbs end in -ar (like pratar), regular Group 2 verbs end in -er in the present tense, just like läser (reads) or skriver (writes).

Why is 'the newspaper' translated as one word, tidningen?

In English, 'the' is a separate word. In Swedish, 'the' is usually a tag added to the end of the noun. The word for 'a newspaper' is en tidning. To say 'the newspaper', you attach -en to the end to make tidningen.

Why is ofta (often) placed at the very end of the sentence here?

In Swedish questions, time words and adverbs like ofta usually go at the end. If this were a normal statement instead of a question, it would go right after the verb: Han läser ofta tidningen (He often reads the newspaper).