The instrumental preposition (med)

Doing Things "With" Tools

In English, we say that we cut with scissors or take a photo with a camera. Swedish uses the exact same structure. To indicate the tool, instrument, or method used to perform an action, use the preposition med (with).

He always cuts the fabric with the scissors himself.
Han klipper alltid tyget med saxen själv.
We paint the house with a large paintbrush.
Vi målar huset med en stor pensel.
I take the photo with my new camera.
Jag tar fotot med min nya kamera.

When talking about a general instrument or method rather than a specific physical object, Swedish often drops the article entirely. This is common with eating utensils or modes of transportation.

They eat the soup with a spoon.
De äter soppan med sked.

Materials and Repairs

The preposition med is also used for the materials you use to create or fix something, such as glue, yarn, or clay.

Broken books are often repaired with glue or tape.
Trasiga böcker lagas ofta med lim eller tejp.
She sews the dress with needle and thread.
Hon syr klänningen med nål och tråd.
I repair the pot with the clay.
Jag reparerar krukan med leran.

Prepositions at the End of Sentences

When describing an object based on what you do with it—using a relative clause starting with som (that/which)—the preposition med naturally falls at the end of the phrase. This works exactly like saying "the pen that you write with" in English.

The paintbrush that you paint with is new.
Penseln som du målar med är ny.
The scissors that you cut with are missing.
Saxen som du klipper med saknas.