The Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense describes recent experiences or past actions that still affect the present. In Swedish, form it just like in English: use the auxiliary verb har (have/has) followed by a special verb form called the supinum (supine).
You will often see this tense paired with time adverbs like redan (already) and precis (just).
Group 1 Verbs: Supinum in -at
For Group 1 verbs, simply add -t to the infinitive. Since the infinitive always ends in -a, the supinum ending is always -at.
- skicka (to send) → skickat (sent)
- svara (to answer) → svarat (answered)
- förklara (to explain) → förklarat (explained)
| I have already sent the email. | Jag har redan skickat mejlet. |
| He has just sent an email to the boss. | Han har precis skickat ett mejl till chefen. |
| They have already answered my question. | De har redan svarat på min fråga. |
Group 2 Verbs: Supinum in -t
For Group 2 verbs, drop the infinitive -a to find the stem, then add -t.
- beställa (to order) → beställt (ordered)
- läsa (to read) → läst (read)
- stänga (to close) → stängt (closed)
Here are examples with Group 2 verbs, using adverbs like nyligen (recently) and ännu (yet). To ask a question, simply invert the subject and har, just like in English:
| Have you ordered the package yet? | Har du beställt paketet ännu? |
| We have recently ordered three new packages. | Vi har nyligen beställt tre nya paket. |
| We have closed the shop early today. | Vi har stängt butiken tidigt idag. |
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