Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

Dealing with tech issues often means explaining what is not working. When you use negative words like inte (not) in complex sentences, Swedish uses a special word order rule.

The BIFF Rule

In a regular main clause, inte comes after the verb. But in a subordinate clause (a dependent clause starting with words like att, om, or eftersom), inte jumps before the conjugated verb.

Swedes learn this as the BIFF rule: Bisats, Inte Före Finita verbet (Subordinate clause, inte before the finite verb).

I see that the screen does not work.
Jag ser att skärmen inte fungerar.
She says that the password is not correct.
Hon säger att lösenordet inte stämmer.

Conditions and Causes

The BIFF rule applies to all subordinate clauses, including those starting with om (if), eftersom (since/because), or när (when).

The boss is angry because I do not have the document.
Chefen är arg eftersom jag inte har dokumentet.
We cannot read the file if you do not open it.
Vi kan inte läsa filen om du inte öppnar den.

Indirect Questions

Question words like varför (why) can also connect clauses. When used this way, they act as subjunctions, meaning the BIFF rule applies here too.

I do not know why the computer does not start.
Jag vet inte varför datorn inte startar.
I do not understand why the program does not answer.
Jag förstår inte varför programmet inte svarar.

Starting the Sentence with a Subordinate Clause

When you place the subordinate clause at the beginning of your sentence, the BIFF rule still dictates the word order inside that clause (inte before the verb).

Remember that the entire subordinate clause counts as the first position in the sentence. Because of the V2 (verb-second) rule, the main clause must immediately follow with its verb.

Because the program does not work, the boss is angry.
Eftersom programmet inte fungerar är chefen arg.
If you do not click, nothing happens.
Om du inte klickar händer inget.