The Dynamic Passive (Blev)
To focus on an event or transition (like something getting damaged), you can form a dynamic passive using blev (the past tense of bli, "to become") and a past participle.
Just like adjectives, the past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number:
- En-words: The participle keeps its base form.
- Ett-words: Add a -t.
- Plural: Add an -a.
| The facade was vandalized yesterday. | Fasaden blev vandaliserad igår. |
| The new fence was vandalized in the night. | Det nya staketet blev vandaliserat på natten. |
| The stolen cars were never replaced, which was even worse. | De stulna bilarna blev aldrig ersatta, vilket var ännu värre. |
Intensifying Comparatives
You can strengthen comparative adjectives by placing adverbs like mycket (much), lite (a little), or ännu (even) directly before them.
| The pane was smashed and the repair was much more expensive. | Rutan blev krossad och reparationen var mycket dyrare. |
| The door was covered in graffiti, but the cost was a little lower. | Dörren blev nedklottrad, men kostnaden var lite lägre. |
| The cost for the repair became even higher. | Kostnaden för reparationen blev ännu högre. |
Negation in Subordinate Clauses
In Swedish, word order changes in subordinate clauses—sentences that start with conjunctions like eftersom (because) or att (that). Negating words like inte (not) or aldrig (never) must be placed before the verb, rather than after it.
| I was sad because the facade was not restored. | Jag var ledsen eftersom fasaden inte blev återställd. |
| He said that the pane was not smashed. | Han sa att rutan inte blev krossad. |
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