Concessive relative clauses (må)

To express unwavering loyalty no matter the circumstances, you can use a concessive relative clause with the auxiliary verb (may).

is often known as "feel" (hur mår du?), but it also functions as a modal verb meaning "may." Here, it expresses concession—acknowledging a hypothetical scenario without changing the outcome. Like other modal verbs, it is followed by a bare infinitive.

may (concessive auxiliary)

"Whatever May Happen"

To say "whatever may happen" or "whoever it may be", pair a question word with än (ever) and . If the question word is the subject of its clause, include the relative pronoun som.

  • Formula: Question word + (som) + än
      • infinitive
The ceremony begins now, whatever may happen tonight.
Ceremonin börjar nu, vad som än må hända ikväll.
The loyalty to the brotherhood is eternal, whatever may occur.
Lojaliteten till brödraskapet är evig, vad som än må ske.

Using Other Question Words

This structure works with any question word, such as vem (who), vilken/vilket/vilka (which), or hur (how/however). If the question word acts as an object or adverb, omit som.

Whoever betrays the oath dies, whoever he may be.
Den som förråder eden dör, vem han än må vara.
I swear the oath, whatever risks we may take.
Jag svär eden, vilka risker vi än må ta.
The initiation tests our loyalty, however difficult it may feel.
Invigningen testar vår lojalitet, hur svårt det än må kännas.

Sentence Placement and the V2 Rule

Concessive clauses often appear at the end of a sentence, but you can also place them at the beginning. When starting a sentence with a concessive clause, treat the entire clause as the first element of your sentence. According to the Swedish V2 rule, the main clause's verb must come immediately next.

Whatever may happen after the ceremony, I will never betray the brotherhood.
Vad som än må hända efter ceremonin, ska jag aldrig förråda brödraskapet.