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### Expressing "No matter how" with *hur ... än*

To express "no matter how," Swedish uses a subordinate clause starting with *hur* + an adjective or adverb, paired with the particle *än*. 

The word order inside this clause is:
***hur* + adjective/adverb + subject + *än* + verb**

Because this is a subordinate clause, *än* acts like a sentence adverb (such as *inte*) and goes directly **before** the verb. If the sentence starts with this clause, the main clause that follows must obey the V2 (verb-second) rule and start with its verb.

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### Placing the Clause at the End

You can also put the *hur ... än* clause at the end of the sentence. The internal word order of the subordinate clause stays exactly the same, while the main clause simply follows standard word order.

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### Using Adverbs and Plurals

The construction works exactly the same way with adverbs or plural adjectives.

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Concessive clauses with how (hur ... än)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the glassworks studio	hyttan
ever (concessive particle)	än
the glassblower	glasblåsaren
No matter how hot the glassworks studio is, the glassblower continues to work.	Hur varm hyttan än är, fortsätter glasblåsaren att arbeta.
glowing	glödande
the glass mass	glasmassan
to shape	forma
No matter how glowing the glass mass is, one must shape it fast.	Hur glödande glasmassan än är, måste man forma den snabbt.
the pipe	pipan
sweaty	svettig
You must spin the pipe all the time, no matter how sweaty you feel.	Du måste snurra pipan hela tiden, hur svettig du än känner dig.
to solidify	stelna
No matter how cold it is outside, the glass mass solidifies slowly in the glassworks studio.	Hur kallt det än är ute, stelnar glasmassan långsamt i hyttan.
the drop	droppen
to crack	spricka
No matter how skilled the glassblower is, a glowing drop can crack.	Hur skicklig glasblåsaren än är, kan en glödande droppe spricka.
The man has namely said that the glassworks studio is always open, no matter how much it snows.	Mannen har nämligen sagt att hyttan alltid är öppen, hur mycket det än snöar.
Provided that the pipe is clean, the shape becomes perfect no matter how fast you blow.	Förutsatt att pipan är ren, blir formen perfekt hur fort du än blåser.
No matter how tired and sweaty they were this past Christmas, they continued to shape beautiful drops.	Hur trötta och svettiga de än var i julas, fortsatte de att forma vackra droppar.
When the glass solidifies too fast it can crack, no matter how careful one is.	När glaset stelnar för snabbt kan det spricka, hur noggrann man än är.
No matter how difficult it seems, you can learn to shape the glass mass.	Hur svårt det än verkar, kan du lära dig att forma glasmassan.