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### The Comparative Form (-are)

To compare two things in Swedish, you typically add the suffix **-are** to the base form of the adjective. This is the equivalent of adding "-er" to an adjective in English. To say "than", use the conjunction **än**.

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### The Superlative Form (-ast)

When you want to single out the extreme among three or more things, use the superlative form. For regular adjectives, you add the suffix **-ast** (meaning "-est" or "most"). You use this standard **-ast** ending when the adjective sits independently after the verb.

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### Definite Superlatives (-aste)

When a superlative adjective is placed directly in front of a specific, definite noun (such as "the widest wall" or "the narrowest line"), the ending changes slightly. You add an **-e** to the suffix, making it **-aste**. Just like other definite descriptions in Swedish, you must also use the independent definite article (**den**, **det**, or **de**) before the adjective.

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### Describing Dimensions and Weights

You can attach these highly predictable endings to almost any regular adjective that describes physical properties, like shapes and weights.

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Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Irregular comparisons

Question	Answer
thin	tunn
than	än
Today the newspaper is thinner than the book.	Idag är tidningen tunnare än boken.
the cardboard box	kartongen
The cardboard box is very thin.	Kartongen är mycket tunn.
round	rund
light (weight)	lätt
the ruler	linjalen
The round cardboard box is lighter than the ruler.	Den runda kartongen är lättare än linjalen.
the wall	väggen
wide	bred
The wall is wider than the door.	Väggen är bredare än dörren.
The widest wall is white.	Den bredaste väggen är vit.
narrow	smal
Which ruler is narrowest?	Vilken linjal är smalast?
the line	linjen
The black line is narrower than the white one.	Den svarta linjen är smalare än den vita.
The ball is round, but the apple is rounder.	Bollen är rund, men äpplet är rundare.
sharp	vass
My knife is sharper than yours.	Min kniv är vassare än din.
I want a knife that is sharper.	Jag vill ha en kniv som är vassare.
A letter is lighter than a book.	Ett brev är lättare än en bok.
The boy paints the narrowest line.	Pojken målar den smalaste linjen.