The "yo" rule for the present subjunctive
To form the present subjunctive, start with the yo (I) form of the present indicative, drop the -o, and add the opposite vowel endings.
If a verb is irregular in its present indicative yo form, that irregularity carries over to all forms of the present subjunctive.
| Infinitive | Present indicative "yo" | Subjunctive stem | Example subjunctive forms |
|---|---|---|---|
| decir (to say) | digo | dig- | diga, digas, digamos |
| conocer (to know) | conozco | conozc- | conozca, conozcas, conozcáis |
| hacer (to do/make) | hago | hag- | haga, hagas, hagan |
| tener (to have) | tengo | teng- | tenga, tengas, tengan |
Use these verbs after familiar subjunctive triggers, such as expressions of doubt, emotion, and wishes:
| I doubt that the boss will say anything important today. | Dudo que el jefe diga algo importante hoy. |
| I fear that she doesn't know the city. | Temo que ella no conozca la ciudad. |
| It is essential that you do the work before eating. | Es esencial que hagas el trabajo antes de comer. |
| It is a pity that you are not coming to the cinema with me. | Es una lástima que no vengas al cine conmigo. |
| The teacher demands that we put the books on the table. | El profesor exige que pongamos los libros en la mesa. |
| My intention is that you guys leave soon. | Mi intención es que salgáis pronto. |
| I advise you to be careful on the road. | Te aconsejo que tengas cuidado en la carretera. |
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