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Spanish (Spain)

### Where are you from?

To say where you are from, use **ser de** + the country. To say where you live, use **vivir en**.

{{item:1252425}}

{{item:1252436}}

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **{{item:1252424}}** | England |
| **{{item:1252428}}** | the United Kingdom |
| **{{item:1252432}}** | Ireland |
| **{{item:1252435}}** | the United States |
| **{{item:1252439}}** | Canada |
| **{{item:1252442}}** | Australia |

Watch the written accent on **Canadá**: the stress falls on the last syllable.

### With or without the article

**El Reino Unido** keeps its article, so *de* + *el* becomes **del**, and *en* stays *en el*:

{{item:1252431}}

**Estados Unidos** is usually said without an article, and then the verb is singular. You will also see *los Estados Unidos*; with the article the verb is usually plural.

{{item:1252437}}

### Nationality words

A nationality adjective agrees with the person, like any adjective. Words in **-o** change to **-a** for a woman. Words in **-és** add **-a** and lose the written accent, like *inglés → inglesa*. Words in **-e** are the same for a man and a woman; they only add **-s** in the plural.

| country | man | woman |
|---|---|---|
| el Reino Unido | británico | británica |
| Australia | australiano | australiana |
| Irlanda | irlandés | irlandesa |
| Estados Unidos | estadounidense | estadounidense |
| Canadá | canadiense | canadiense |

{{item:1252460}}

{{item:1252450}}

Countries take a capital letter (*Irlanda*, *Canadá*), but nationality words take a **small** letter (*irlandés*, *canadiense*):

{{item:1252453}}

### English or British?

**Inglés** is both the language and the nationality of someone from England:

{{item:1252427}}

**Británico** covers the whole United Kingdom, so someone from Scotland or Wales is *británico*, but not *inglés*:

{{item:1252447}}

For someone from the United States, **estadounidense** is the precise word and the usual one in writing. In everyday speech in Spain you will often hear **americano** too:

{{item:1252438}}

Where are you from? (Inglaterra, Estados Unidos)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
England	Inglaterra
I am from England.	Soy de Inglaterra.
My friend is from England, but she lives in Spain.	Mi amiga es de Inglaterra, pero vive en España.
She is English and speaks English.	Ella es inglesa y habla inglés.
the United Kingdom	el Reino Unido
England is in the United Kingdom.	Inglaterra está en el Reino Unido.
My sister lives in the United Kingdom.	Mi hermana vive en el Reino Unido.
My neighbors are from the United Kingdom.	Mis vecinos son del Reino Unido.
Ireland	Irlanda
Ireland is a very green country.	Irlanda es un país muy verde.
the United States	Estados Unidos
My grandparents live in the United States.	Mis abuelos viven en Estados Unidos.
The United States is a very big country.	Estados Unidos es un país muy grande.
He is American: he is from the United States.	Es americano: es de Estados Unidos.
Canada	Canadá
My neighbor is from Canada and speaks French.	Mi vecino es de Canadá y habla francés.
Canada is a big, cold country.	Canadá es un país grande y frío.
Australia	Australia
Australia is very far from Spain.	Australia está muy lejos de España.
My brother lives in Australia.	Mi hermano vive en Australia.
British	británico
The British tourists are on the beach.	Los turistas británicos están en la playa.
I am British, but I am not English.	Soy británico, pero no soy inglés.
American (from the United States)	estadounidense
My friend is American and lives in Madrid.	Mi amigo es estadounidense y vive en Madrid.
He is American and she is too.	Él es estadounidense y ella también.
The American girls study at the university.	Las chicas estadounidenses estudian en la universidad.
Irish	irlandés
She is from Ireland: she is Irish.	Ella es de Irlanda: es irlandesa.
The Irish boys speak English.	Los chicos irlandeses hablan inglés.
Canadian	canadiense
My mother is Canadian and my father is Irish.	Mi madre es canadiense y mi padre es irlandés.
The Canadian students speak French.	Las estudiantes canadienses hablan francés.
Australian	australiano
The new doctor is Australian.	El médico nuevo es australiano.
She is Australian and lives in the United Kingdom.	Ella es australiana y vive en el Reino Unido.

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