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Spanish (Spain)

### The Lower Body

Let's finish our vocabulary for the human body by looking at the lower limbs, including **la pierna** (the leg) and **el pie** (the foot).

Just like with the arms and hands, use adjectives to describe them. Notice how they match in gender and number.

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### Expressing Pain

When a body part hurts, Spanish uses the verb **doler** (to hurt).

This verb works just like *gustar*. You use an indirect object pronoun (**me**, **te**, **le**, **nos**, **os**, **les**) to show *who* is feeling the pain, and the verb matches the *body part* that hurts.

- Use **duele** for a single body part (like **la espalda**, the back).
- Use **duelen** for multiple body parts (like **las piernas**, the legs).

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### Symptoms and Sickness

When you are sick, you can use the verb **tener** (to have) followed by a noun to describe your symptoms. Common symptoms include **la fiebre** (the fever) and **la tos** (the cough).

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You can also use **tener** with **el dolor** (the pain) to describe an ache, such as **dolor de estómago** (stomach ache).

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### Getting Better

Finally, when you visit the doctor or pharmacy, you might need **la medicina** (the medicine) or **la pastilla** (the pill).

To specify what a treatment is for, use the preposition **para** (for) followed by the symptom or ailment.

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The Human Body: Legs and Health

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
to hurt	doler
the back	la espalda
My back hurts today.	Hoy me duele la espalda.
the fever	la fiebre
They are sick and have a fever.	Ellos están enfermos y tienen fiebre.
the pain	el dolor
the stomach	el estómago
Our father has a bad stomach ache.	Nuestro padre tiene un fuerte dolor de estómago.
the foot	el pie
Does your foot hurt?	¿Te duele el pie?
the medicine	la medicina
the cough	la tos
We need the cough medicine.	Nosotros necesitamos la medicina para la tos.
the pill	la pastilla
The sick children need a pill.	Los niños enfermos necesitan una pastilla.
You all have a cough and a fever.	Vosotros tenéis tos y fiebre.
the leg	la pierna
Her legs hurt.	A ella le duelen las piernas.
My sick friend has a stomach ache.	Mi amigo enfermo tiene dolor de estómago.
The red pills are for back pain.	Las pastillas rojas son para el dolor de espalda.
Where is your medicine?	¿Dónde está tu medicina?
They have big feet.	Ellos tienen los pies grandes.
Your legs are strong and fast.	Vuestras piernas son fuertes y rápidas.