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Spanish (Spain)

### A walk through the centre

Every Spanish town has **una plaza** (a square), and the big ones have **una avenida** (an avenue). In the old centre you often find **la catedral** and **un monumento**.

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### Finding your way

A tourist — **el turista**, **la turista**: the word ends in **-a** for a man and for a woman — needs a map. Spanish has two words:

| word | what it shows |
|---|---|
| **el mapa** | a country, a region, the world |
| **el plano** | the streets of one town |

Both are masculine even though **mapa** ends in **-a**.

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### Visiting places

**Visitar** and **ver** take a place directly — no **a** — because a place is not a person. Compare *visito la catedral* with *visito a mi abuela*.

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**El lugar** is the general word for *a place*:

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### The tourist office

**La oficina de turismo** (the tourist office) gives you a free **plano** and information about the town.

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Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the square	la plaza
The square is very big and pretty.	La plaza es muy grande y bonita.
the avenue	la avenida
The hotel is on the avenue.	El hotel está en la avenida.
The avenue is new.	La avenida es nueva.
the cathedral	la catedral
The cathedral is in the square.	La catedral está en la plaza.
The cathedral is old and beautiful.	La catedral es vieja y bonita.
the monument	el monumento
The square has a monument.	La plaza tiene un monumento.
We see the monument on the avenue.	Vemos el monumento en la avenida.
The monument is very old.	El monumento es muy viejo.
the tourist	el turista
The tourists visit the cathedral.	Los turistas visitan la catedral.
The tourist is looking for the museum.	El turista busca el museo.
The tourists are waiting in the square.	Los turistas esperan en la plaza.
the street map / the plan (technical drawing of a building)	el plano
I am looking for the square on the street map.	Busco la plaza en el plano.
Do you have a street map of the city?	¿Tienes un plano de la ciudad?
the map	el mapa
I am looking for the river on the map.	Busco el río en el mapa.
The map of Spain is very big.	El mapa de España es muy grande.
the place	el lugar
Do you know a nice place?	¿Conoces un lugar bonito?
The port is a pretty place.	El puerto es un lugar bonito.
the tourist office	la oficina de turismo
The tourist office is in the square.	La oficina de turismo está en la plaza.
I am looking for the tourist office.	Busco la oficina de turismo.

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