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Spanish (Spain)

### The same: **el mismo**

**Mismo** goes after the article and before the noun, and it agrees with the noun: **el mismo coche**, **la misma calle**, **los mismos**, **las mismas**. To say *the same … as*, add **que**.

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### **igual** and **igual que**

**Igual** has one form for masculine and feminine; the plural is **iguales**. **Igual que** means *the same as* or *just like*. And one phrase you will hear every day in Spain: **me da igual** — *I don't mind*.

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### Different and similar

Each adjective has its own preposition. Remember that **de** + **el** = **del** and **a** + **el** = **al**.

| adjective | preposition | example |
|---|---|---|
| **distinto** (different) | de | distinta del pueblo |
| **parecido** (similar) | a | parecido al vestido rojo |

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To name what separates two things, use **la diferencia**:

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### **más de**, **menos de** + a number

When you compare two things you use **más … que**. But in front of a number or a quantity it is **más de** and **menos de**.

| comparing two things | a number or quantity |
|---|---|
| más libros **que** yo | **más de** cien libros |
| menos dinero **que** tú | **menos de** veinte euros |

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### Common mistakes

- *más que cien euros* → **más de cien euros**.
- *mismo coche* → **el mismo coche**: **mismo** needs the article.
- *parecido de* → **parecido a**: each adjective keeps its own preposition.

Same and different (el mismo, igual que, más de diez)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
same	mismo
We have the same car.	Tenemos el mismo coche.
We live on the same street.	Vivimos en la misma calle.
My sister and I study at the same university.	Mi hermana y yo estudiamos en la misma universidad.
I have the same mobile as you.	Tengo el mismo móvil que tú.
You always wear the same shirt.	Siempre llevas la misma camisa.
The car costs more than ten thousand euros.	El coche cuesta más de diez mil euros.
I have less than twenty euros.	Tengo menos de veinte euros.
In the village there are fewer than a thousand inhabitants.	En el pueblo hay menos de mil habitantes.
My grandfather is more than eighty years old.	Mi abuelo tiene más de ochenta años.
My sister has more books than me, more than a hundred.	Mi hermana tiene más libros que yo, más de cien.
the same, equal (+ que)	igual
Your jacket is the same as my sister's.	Tu chaqueta es igual que la de mi hermana.
The two shirts are the same.	Las dos camisas son iguales.
My son talks just like his father.	Mi hijo habla igual que su padre.
Coffee or tea? I don't mind.	¿Café o té? Me da igual.
different (+ de)	distinto
My idea is different.	Mi idea es distinta.
The city is very different from the village.	La ciudad es muy distinta del pueblo.
My two brothers are very different.	Mis dos hermanos son muy distintos.
Today I want to do something different.	Hoy quiero hacer algo distinto.
the difference	la diferencia
What is the difference?	¿Cuál es la diferencia?
I do not see the difference between the two cars.	No veo la diferencia entre los dos coches.
The difference is the price.	La diferencia es el precio.
There is a lot of difference between the countryside and the city.	Hay mucha diferencia entre el campo y la ciudad.
similar (+ a)	parecido
My brother and my father are very similar.	Mi hermano y mi padre son muy parecidos.
This dress is very similar to the red dress.	Este vestido es muy parecido al vestido rojo.
The two words are similar, but they are not the same.	Las dos palabras son parecidas, pero no son iguales.
different (+ de)	diferente
My sister is very different from me.	Mi hermana es muy diferente de mí.
This flat is different from the other one.	Este piso es diferente del otro.
Each person is different.	Cada persona es diferente.

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