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Spanish (Spain)

### Two places for the pronoun

With **ir a**, **tener que**, **querer** and **poder** + infinitive, an object or reflexive pronoun has two possible places: in front of the conjugated verb, or joined to the end of the infinitive. Both mean the same, and you will hear both in Spain.

| before the conjugated verb | on the infinitive |
|---|---|
| **Lo** voy a comprar. | Voy a comprar**lo**. |
| **Te** quiero ayudar. | Quiero ayudar**te**. |
| **Me** tengo que levantar. | Tengo que levantar**me**. |

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What you cannot do is put the pronoun between the two verbs: *Voy lo a comprar* is wrong.

### With **estar** + gerund

The same choice works with **estar** + gerund. Joined to the gerund, the pronoun brings a written accent: **duchando** → **duchándome**.

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### Two pronouns stay together

Two pronouns move as a pair, in their usual order: **Te lo voy a dar** = **Voy a dártelo**. Two pronouns on an infinitive also bring an accent: **dártelo**, **enseñártela**, **dárselo**.

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### Where **no** goes

To make the sentence negative, **no** goes before the conjugated verb, and before any pronouns in front of it.

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### Common mistakes

- *Voy lo a comprar* → **Lo voy a comprar** or **Voy a comprarlo**.
- *Te voy a darlo* → **Te lo voy a dar** or **Voy a dártelo**: never split the pair.
- *Estoy duchandome* → **Estoy duchándome**.
- The present perfect has only one place: **Lo he visto**, never *He vistolo*.

Pronouns with two verbs (lo voy a ver, voy a verlo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
Are you going to buy the dress? Yes, I am going to buy it.	¿Vas a comprar el vestido? Sí, voy a comprarlo.
I am going to call her tomorrow.	Mañana la voy a llamar.
The movie? We are going to see it on Saturday.	¿La película? La vamos a ver el sábado.
My grandparents are going to visit us in August.	Mis abuelos van a visitarnos en agosto.
The car is dirty. I have to wash it.	El coche está sucio. Tengo que lavarlo.
I have to tell you something.	Te tengo que contar una cosa.
I want to help you, but today I can't.	Te quiero ayudar, pero hoy no puedo.
Do you want to come with me to the doctor?	¿Quieres acompañarme al médico?
The window? I can't open it.	¿La ventana? No puedo abrirla.
Can you call me tonight?	¿Me puedes llamar esta noche?
I can't right now, I am taking a shower.	Ahora no puedo, me estoy duchando.
My sister is taking a shower.	Mi hermana está duchándose.
The message? I am writing it.	¿El mensaje? Lo estoy escribiendo.
The soup? I am preparing it.	¿La sopa? Estoy preparándola.
I have to get up at six.	Me tengo que levantar a las seis.
Tonight we are going to go to bed late.	Esta noche vamos a acostarnos tarde.
Today I want to go to bed early.	Hoy quiero acostarme temprano.
Are you guys going to take a shower now?	¿Os vais a duchar ahora?
The book? I am going to give it to you tomorrow.	¿El libro? Te lo voy a dar mañana.
The photo? I am going to show it to you.	¿La foto? Voy a enseñártela.
Can you explain it to me again?	¿Me lo puedes explicar otra vez?
The gift? I want to give it to my mother today.	¿El regalo? Quiero dárselo hoy a mi madre.
I am not going to tell you.	No te lo voy a decir.
The truth? I can't tell you.	¿La verdad? No puedo decírtela.
The dinner? I am preparing it for my parents.	¿La cena? Se la estoy preparando a mis padres.

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