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Spanish (Spain)

### Expressing origin with "de"

In Spanish, the preposition **de** translates to "of" or "from". To say where someone or something originates, use the verb **ser** (to be) followed by **de** and the name of the place.

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### Possession and the contraction "del"

Spanish does not use an apostrophe-s ('s) to show possession. Instead of saying "the neighbor's dog", you must say "the dog of the neighbor" using **de**.

When the preposition **de** is followed directly by the masculine singular article **el** (the), they merge together to form the contraction **del**.

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You will use **del** frequently to talk about parts of a whole (like rooms in a house) or to indicate who owns something, whenever the noun following it is masculine and singular.

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Origin and possession (de, del)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
Spain	España
I am from Spain.	Yo soy de España.
She lives in Spain.	Ella vive en España.
France	Francia
He is from France.	Él es de Francia.
Are you from France?	¿Tú eres de Francia?
the bathroom	el baño
Where is the bathroom?	¿Dónde está el baño?
of the / from the / about the (topic)	del
The bathroom door is open.	La puerta del baño está abierta.
the bedroom	el dormitorio
The cat is in the bedroom.	El gato está en el dormitorio.
The bedroom window is big.	La ventana del dormitorio es grande.
the living room / the hall (for events)	el salón
We eat in the living room.	Nosotros comemos en el salón.
the color	el color
The color of the living room is pretty.	El color del salón es bonito.
The car's color is black.	El color del coche es negro.
the owner	el dueño
Who is the owner of the car?	¿Quién es el dueño del coche?
The owner of the hotel is rich.	El dueño del hotel es rico.
the neighbor	el vecino
It is the neighbor's dog.	Es el perro del vecino.
the garden	el jardín
The neighbor's garden is very big.	El jardín del vecino es muy grande.
The boy is in the garden.	El niño está en el jardín.

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