Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### Negative informal commands

To tell a friend, family member, or child *not* to do something, use **no** followed by the negative **tú** command form. 

Start with the present **yo** form, drop the final **-o**, and add the opposite vowel ending plus **-s**:
- For **-ar** verbs, add **-es**.
- For **-er** and **-ir** verbs, add **-as**.

| Verb | Present "yo" | Negative "tú" command |
|---|---|---|
| **entrar** | entro | **no entres** |
| **correr** | corro | **no corras** |

{{item:1162323}}

{{item:1162325}}

{{item:1162329}}

### Spelling changes: -car, -gar, -zar

Just like with formal commands, verbs ending in **-car**, **-gar**, and **-zar** have a spelling change to maintain their pronunciation:
- **-car** becomes **-ques** (e.g., **salpicar** -> **no salpiques**)
- **-gar** becomes **-gues** (e.g., **tragar** -> **no tragues**)
- **-zar** becomes **-ces** (e.g., **empezar** -> **no empieces**)

{{item:1162333}}

{{item:1162338}}

### Pronoun placement in negative commands

In affirmative commands, you attach object pronouns directly to the end of the verb. However, in **negative commands**, pronouns must always go **before** the verb.

{{item:1162335}}

### Irregular "yo" forms

Because negative commands are built from the **yo** form, verbs with irregular **yo** forms keep that irregularity. For example, the **yo** form of **poner** is **pongo**, so the negative command becomes **no pongas**.

{{item:1162343}}

Negative informal commands (no corras...)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the swimming pool	la piscina
Do not run near the swimming pool, please.	No corras cerca de la piscina, por favor.
deep (physical, concave)	hondo
The swimming pool is very deep, do not go in.	La piscina es muy honda, no entres.
the edge	el bordillo
That is deep, do not jump from the edge.	Eso es hondo, no saltes desde el bordillo.
to slip	resbalar
Do not walk on the edge, you can slip.	No camines por el bordillo, puedes resbalar.
the towel	la toalla
Do not leave the towel here, I can slip.	No dejes la toalla aquí, puedo resbalar.
to splash	salpicar
Do not splash your sister, she is angry.	No salpiques a tu hermana, está enfadada.
to push	empujar
Do not splash your brother and do not push him.	No salpiques a tu hermano y no lo empujes.
to swallow	tragar
Do not push the boy, he can swallow water.	No empujes al niño, puede tragar agua.
Do not swallow pool water, it is dirty.	No tragues agua de la piscina, está sucia.
to bother	molestar
the lifeguard	el socorrista
Do not bother the lifeguard, he is busy.	No molestes al socorrista, está ocupado.
What an annoying boy! Do not bother the girls.	¡Qué niño más pesado! No molestes a las chicas.
Do not put your hands on the edge.	No pongas las manos en el bordillo.
Girl, don't leave the towel on the edge.	Niña, no dejes la toalla en el bordillo.
Boy, don't bother the lifeguard.	Chico, no molestes al socorrista.