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Spanish (Spain)

### Months of the Year

The Spanish word for month is **el mes** (plural: **los meses**).

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As you learn the twelve months of the year, there are two important rules to remember:

- **No capitalization:** Unlike in English, the months of the year are always written in lowercase in Spanish, unless they appear at the very beginning of a sentence.
- **Saying "in" a month:** To talk about something happening *in* a specific month, simply use the preposition **en** directly before the month.

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Months of the year

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the month	el mes
The year has twelve months.	El año tiene doce meses.
January	enero
February	febrero
January and February are cold months.	Enero y febrero son meses fríos.
The gym is closed in February.	El gimnasio está cerrado en febrero.
March	marzo
April	abril
March and April are for resting.	Marzo y abril son para descansar.
My brother looks for an apartment in March or April.	Mi hermano busca un piso en marzo o abril.
May	mayo
April and May are beautiful months.	Abril y mayo son meses bonitos.
June	junio
I always visit my grandmother in May and June.	Siempre visito a mi abuela en mayo y junio.
July	julio
We travel to France in June or July.	Viajamos a Francia en junio o julio.
August	agosto
I am very hot in July and August.	Tengo mucho calor en julio y agosto.
September	septiembre
The boy returns to school in September, not in August.	El niño vuelve a la escuela en septiembre, no en agosto.
October	octubre
I study Spanish in September and October.	Estudio español en septiembre y octubre.
November	noviembre
October and November are sad months.	Octubre y noviembre son meses tristes.
December	diciembre
I see ice on the street in November and December.	Veo hielo en la calle en noviembre y diciembre.
Are you going to the party in December or January?	¿Vas a la fiesta en diciembre o enero?
the summer	el verano
the spring (season)	la primavera
Spring begins in March.	La primavera empieza en marzo.
In spring the park is very pretty.	En primavera el parque es muy bonito.
In Spain, summer begins in June.	En España, el verano empieza en junio.
In summer I go to the beach.	En verano voy a la playa.
the autumn	el otoño
September, October and November are autumn months.	Septiembre, octubre y noviembre son meses de otoño.
In autumn I study a lot.	En otoño estudio mucho.
Do you prefer spring or autumn?	¿Prefieres la primavera o el otoño?
the winter	el invierno
Winter is very cold.	El invierno es muy frío.
In winter we go to the mountains.	En invierno vamos a la montaña.

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