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Spanish (Spain)

### Where to stay

**El alojamiento** is the general word for accommodation — a hotel, a flat, a guesthouse. The verb **alojarse** means *to stay* somewhere on a trip; like **quedarse**, it is reflexive. In Spain a small, simple hotel is **una pensión**, and the same word names the meals a hotel includes: **media pensión** (half board) and **pensión completa** (full board).

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### **Alojarse** in the past

Keep the two past tenses apart: a finished time (**ayer**, **el verano pasado**) takes the preterite; a time that is not over yet (**este año**, **ya**, **todavía no**) takes the present perfect.

| | preterite | present perfect |
|---|---|---|
| yo | me alojé | me he alojado |
| tú | te alojaste | te has alojado |
| él, ella | se alojó | se ha alojado |
| nosotros | nos alojamos | nos hemos alojado |
| vosotros | os alojasteis | os habéis alojado |
| ellos | se alojaron | se han alojado |

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### Before you go

You can book the trip at **la agencia de viajes**. The night before, you **hacer la maleta**: Spanish *makes* the suitcase where English simply *packs*.

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### Arriving, and at the beach

**La llegada** (the arrival) is the opposite of **la salida** (the departure). A distance uses **estar a** + the number of kilometers: **está a dos kilómetros**. On the beach you lie on **la arena** and **tomar el sol** — to sunbathe.

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Holidays (el alojamiento, hacer la maleta)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the accommodation	el alojamiento
The accommodation at the beach is very expensive in August.	El alojamiento en la playa es muy caro en agosto.
We have already found accommodation for the trip.	Ya hemos encontrado alojamiento para el viaje.
Who looked for the accommodation last year?	¿Quién buscó el alojamiento el año pasado?
to stay (at a hotel)	alojarse
Last summer we stayed near the sea.	El verano pasado nos alojamos cerca del mar.
Where did you stay in Madrid last month?	¿Dónde te alojaste en Madrid el mes pasado?
the guesthouse; board (full board, half board)	la pensión
This year we have stayed at a guesthouse.	Este año nos hemos alojado en una pensión.
The guesthouse is small, but very clean.	La pensión es pequeña, pero muy limpia.
Yesterday we arrived at the guesthouse very late.	Ayer llegamos a la pensión muy tarde.
We want half board, please.	Queremos media pensión, por favor.
the travel agency	la agencia de viajes
On Monday I bought the tickets at a travel agency.	El lunes compré los billetes en una agencia de viajes.
The travel agency is near the square.	La agencia de viajes está cerca de la plaza.
Did you go to the travel agency yesterday?	¿Fuiste ayer a la agencia de viajes?
to pack (a suitcase)	hacer la maleta
Last night I packed.	Anoche hice la maleta.
Have you already packed?	¿Ya has hecho la maleta?
I have not packed yet.	Todavía no he hecho la maleta.
the arrival	la llegada
The arrival of the train is at five.	La llegada del tren es a las cinco.
At what time is the arrival of the flight?	¿A qué hora es la llegada del vuelo?
We are waiting for the arrival of the bus.	Esperamos la llegada del autobús.
the kilometer	el kilómetro
The hotel is two kilometers from the beach.	El hotel está a dos kilómetros de la playa.
Yesterday we walked ten kilometers.	Ayer caminamos diez kilómetros.
How many kilometers away is the village?	¿A cuántos kilómetros está el pueblo?
the sand	la arena
The sand on the beach is very hot.	La arena de la playa está muy caliente.
Yesterday the children played in the sand all afternoon.	Ayer los niños jugaron en la arena toda la tarde.
There is a lot of sand in the car.	Hay mucha arena en el coche.
to sunbathe	tomar el sol
Yesterday we sunbathed on the beach.	Ayer tomamos el sol en la playa.
I love sunbathing on the sand.	Me encanta tomar el sol en la arena.
It is not good to sunbathe at midday.	No es bueno tomar el sol a mediodía.

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