Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### Setting limits with "hasta que"

Just like *cuando*, the phrase **hasta que** (until) triggers the subjunctive mood when referring to an action that hasn't happened yet. Because the future event is still pending and not yet a reality, Spanish uses the subjunctive to set the temporal boundary.

{{item:1196673}}

{{item:1196675}}

{{item:1196676}}

Notice that the main clause often uses the present indicative to state a current intention, rule, or ongoing state, while the verb following **hasta que** is in the present subjunctive. 

This structure is especially common in negative sentences where you refuse to do something, or where a document remains invalid *until* a condition is met. This makes it a highly useful phrase for navigating bureaucracy and administrative procedures.

{{item:1196683}}

{{item:1196695}}

{{item:1196698}}

Future temporal limits (hasta que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
until	hasta que
the ID card (national)	el DNI
The citizen is waiting here until you bring her the ID card.	La ciudadana espera aquí hasta que le traigas el DNI.
I am not leaving until the secretary prints the document.	No salgo hasta que el secretario imprima el documento.
the administration	la administración
He is interested in the administration.	A él le interesa la administración.
valid	válido
The director does not accept it until it is valid.	La directora no lo acepta hasta que sea válido.
the form (printed)	el impreso
It is necessary to fill out the form at the counter.	Es necesario rellenar el impreso en el mostrador.
I am not handing in the form until you renew your ID card.	No entrego el impreso hasta que renueves tu DNI.
the proof (documentary)	el justificante
I am waiting here until the civil servant hands me the receipt.	Espero aquí hasta que la funcionaria me entregue el justificante.
It is useful to keep the receipt for the procedure.	Es útil guardar el justificante del trámite.
the requirement	el requisito
The doctor cannot participate until she has the requirement.	La médica no puede participar hasta que tenga el requisito.
prior	previo
A prior appointment is an important requirement.	La cita previa es un requisito importante.
to process	tramitar
We do not process the file without a prior appointment.	No tramitamos el expediente sin cita previa.
the registry	el registro
My sister is going to the registry to process her passport.	Mi hermana va al registro para tramitar su pasaporte.
I am not paying the fee until they process the file.	No pago la tasa hasta que tramiten el expediente.
legal	legal
The contract is already valid and legal.	El contrato ya es válido y legal.
It is not legal until the lawyer signs it.	No es legal hasta que el abogado lo firme.
I am not leaving the registry until the administration accepts the document.	No salgo del registro hasta que la administración acepte el documento.