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Spanish (Spain)

### Paying **por**

At the market, **por** joins what you buy to the money you give for it: **pagar** veinte euros **por** el salmón, **comprar** sardinas **por** cinco euros.

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A price per unit takes the article where English has *a*: *ocho euros el kilo*, eight euros a kilo.

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### Fish on Spanish tables

**La merluza** (hake) is one of the most popular fish in Spain. In summer, **sardinas** are grilled outdoors, and in Madrid a **bocadillo de calamares**, fried squid rings in a baguette, is a classic. On a menu, **calamares** is normally plural. Fish ordered **a la plancha** is cooked on a hot griddle with very little oil.

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### **Tapa**, **ración**, **media ración**

| you order | you get |
|---|---|
| **una tapa** | a small plate, often with a drink |
| **una ración** | a full plate to share |
| **media ración** | half a ración |

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### **Típico**

**Un plato típico** is a dish a place is known for. Roast lamb, **cordero asado**, is a typical dish of Castile.

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### Plural foods

**Los macarrones** are almost always plural, and breakfast cereal is usually **cereales**.

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Fish, meat and the market (la merluza, el cordero)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the sardine	la sardina
I bought a kilo of sardines for five euros.	Compré un kilo de sardinas por cinco euros.
In summer we grill sardines on the beach.	En verano asamos sardinas en la playa.
These sardines are really fresh.	Estas sardinas están fresquísimas.
the hake	la merluza
How much is a kilo of hake?	¿Cuánto cuesta el kilo de merluza?
Hake is my mother's favorite fish.	La merluza es el pescado favorito de mi madre.
Tonight we're having hake with boiled potatoes.	Esta noche cenamos merluza con patatas cocidas.
the squid	el calamar
A squid sandwich, please.	Un bocadillo de calamares, por favor.
My son doesn't like squid.	A mi hijo no le gustan los calamares.
the salmon	el salmón
Do you prefer salmon or hake?	¿Prefieres el salmón o la merluza?
Salmon is really expensive this week.	El salmón está carísimo esta semana.
I paid twenty euros for this salmon.	Pagué veinte euros por este salmón.
the lamb	el cordero
Have you tried the lamb? It's really tasty!	¿Has probado el cordero? ¡Está riquísimo!
At Christmas, my family eats roast lamb.	En Navidad, mi familia come cordero asado.
the macaroni	los macarrones
The children eat macaroni with tomato.	Los niños comen macarrones con tomate.
How long do I cook the macaroni?	¿Cuánto tiempo cuezo los macarrones?
the corn	el maíz
This salad has corn and tuna.	Esta ensalada tiene maíz y atún.
My grandfather's cows eat corn.	Las vacas de mi abuelo comen maíz.
the honey	la miel
I like yogurt with honey.	Me gusta el yogur con miel.
I bought honey at the market for six euros.	Compré miel en el mercado por seis euros.
For a cough, hot milk with honey.	Para la tos, leche caliente con miel.
the cereal	el cereal
My children have cereal with milk for breakfast.	Mis hijos desayunan cereales con leche.
These cereals have a lot of sugar.	Estos cereales tienen mucho azúcar.
The cereals at the supermarket are on sale.	Los cereales del supermercado están en oferta.
the portion (a plate to share in a bar)	la ración
A portion of sardines costs eight euros.	Una ración de sardinas cuesta ocho euros.
Can we have a portion of squid?	¿Nos pone una ración de calamares?
Shall we order two portions to share?	¿Pedimos dos raciones para compartir?
typical	típico
Roast lamb is a typical dish of my town.	El cordero asado es un plato típico de mi pueblo.
Macaroni with chorizo is very typical.	Los macarrones con chorizo son muy típicos.
What is the typical dish from here?	¿Cuál es el plato típico de aquí?
grilled (on a griddle)	a la plancha
I want the grilled hake.	Quiero la merluza a la plancha.
The grilled sardines are really tasty.	Las sardinas a la plancha están riquísimas.
Is the salmon grilled or baked?	¿El salmón es a la plancha o al horno?
the chop (pork, lamb)	la chuleta
I want two lamb chops, please.	Quiero dos chuletas de cordero, por favor.
Have you guys ever tried pork chops?	¿Habéis probado alguna vez las chuletas de cerdo?
the (pork) loin	el lomo
A kilo of pork loin, please.	Un kilo de lomo, por favor.
My mother makes pork loin with potatoes in the oven.	Mi madre hace lomo con patatas en el horno.
the specialty (of a restaurant, a place)	la especialidad
The specialty of the house is hake.	La especialidad de la casa es la merluza.
Sardines are the specialty of this bar.	Las sardinas son la especialidad de este bar.

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