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Spanish (Spain)

### Fights and apologies

| word | meaning |
|---|---|
| **pelear** | to fight |
| **la pelea** | the fight |
| **pedir disculpas** | to apologize |
| **admitir** | to admit, to own up to |
| **jamás** | never (stronger than **nunca**) |

**La pelea** is the noun of **pelear**: a fight with fists, or a loud row with words. A calmer argument is usually **una discusión**.

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One common way to apologize is **pedir disculpas**, with the noun in the plural (**pedir perdón** is just as common). The person you apologize to takes **a**, and usually **le** as well:

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### Never ever: **jamás**

**Jamás** means never, like **nunca**, but it sounds stronger. It goes before the verb, or after it with **no** in front:

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As with **nunca**, Spain usually uses the present perfect (**he tenido**) for your life up to now.

### Friends, colleagues and couples

**El colega** is a colleague at work, but among friends it usually just means a mate. A woman is **la colega**.

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**El matrimonio** is a marriage, and also a married couple:

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Before a noun, **verdadero** means real or true: **un verdadero amigo**. **Alegrar** is to make someone happy, and the happy person is **me**, **te**, **le**…

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Fights, apologies and true friends (la pelea, la disculpa)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the fight	la pelea
Yesterday I had a fight with my brother.	Ayer tuve una pelea con mi hermano.
Last night I saw a fight in the street.	Anoche vi una pelea en la calle.
I hate fights.	Odio las peleas.
the apology	la disculpa
My apologies, it's my fault.	Mis disculpas, es culpa mía.
Yesterday I apologized to my girlfriend.	Ayer le pedí disculpas a mi novia.
to admit (own up to; let in)	admitir
I admit that I've made a mistake.	Admito que me he equivocado.
This hotel doesn't allow dogs.	Este hotel no admite perros.
never (emphatic), never ever	jamás
My brother never admits his mistakes.	Mi hermano jamás admite sus errores.
I've never ever had a fight with her.	Jamás he tenido una pelea con ella.
I'm never going to forgive you.	No te voy a perdonar jamás.
the colleague; the mate (informal)	el colega
A colleague has apologized to me today.	Una colega me ha pedido disculpas hoy.
Tomorrow I'm going to the cinema with some mates.	Mañana voy al cine con unos colegas.
true, real (genuine)	verdadero
A true friend never lies to you.	Un verdadero amigo jamás te miente.
That isn't his real name.	Ese no es su verdadero nombre.
the marriage; the married couple	el matrimonio
My parents' marriage is very happy.	El matrimonio de mis padres es muy feliz.
Their marriage lasted ten years.	Su matrimonio duró diez años.
An elderly married couple lives in my building.	En mi edificio vive un matrimonio mayor.
the attempt	el intento
It was their last attempt to save the marriage.	Fue su último intento de salvar el matrimonio.
After three attempts, I passed the exam.	Después de tres intentos, aprobé el examen.
the hope	la esperanza
Don't lose hope.	No pierdas la esperanza.
After the fight, there's still hope.	Después de la pelea, todavía hay esperanza.
My grandmother never loses hope.	Mi abuela nunca pierde la esperanza.
to cheer (someone) up, to make (someone) happy; to brighten up (a place)	alegrar
Your call has brightened my day.	Tu llamada me ha alegrado el día.
The flowers brighten up the house.	Las flores alegran la casa.
This news makes me very happy.	Esta noticia me alegra mucho.

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