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Spanish (Spain)

### A new baby

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **el sexo** | sex (of a baby, on a form) |
| **la paternidad** | fatherhood |
| **el bautizo** | christening |
| **la comunión** | (First) Communion |

**El sexo** is the everyday word for a baby's sex, and the box on an official form:

{{item:1253400}}

{{item:1253401}}

A father's leave is usually called **la baja por paternidad**, built like **la baja por maternidad**:

{{item:1253404}}

### Christenings and First Communions

Many Spanish families still celebrate **el bautizo** and, at about eight or nine, **la primera comunión**. A child usually **hace** the Communion:

{{item:1253411}}

Communions are often big family parties, with a meal, a restaurant and presents:

{{item:1253412}}

### Telling off, and swearing it's true

**Reñir** changes **e** to **i** in some forms, like **pedir**: **riño, riñes, riñó, riñeron**, but **reñimos, reñí**.

{{item:1253419}}

**Jurar** usually takes a **que** clause, or the pronoun **lo** for something already said. Like any object pronoun, **lo** goes before the conjugated verb: **te lo juro**.

{{item:1253423}}

{{item:1253424}}

### Passing it on

**Contagiar** is to pass on an illness, or a mood. The person who catches it is an object pronoun (**me, te, le, nos, os, les**):

{{item:1253415}}

With a mood, the mood itself is often the subject:

{{item:1253417}}

Family milestones (el bautizo, la comunión)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the sex (of a person, on a form)	el sexo
Do you guys already know the baby's sex?	¿Ya sabéis el sexo del bebé?
The form asks for age and sex.	El formulario pide la edad y el sexo.
Talking about sex with children isn't easy.	Hablar de sexo con los niños no es fácil.
fatherhood, paternity	la paternidad
My husband is on paternity leave.	Mi marido está de baja por paternidad.
Fatherhood has changed my brother's life.	La paternidad le ha cambiado la vida a mi hermano.
the christening, the baptism	el bautizo
My nephew's christening is on Sunday.	El bautizo de mi sobrino es el domingo.
After the christening, we all ate at a restaurant.	Después del bautizo, comimos todos en un restaurante.
Are you guys going to go to the girl's christening?	¿Vais a ir al bautizo de la niña?
the (First) Communion	la comunión
My daughter is making her First Communion in May.	Mi hija hace la primera comunión en mayo.
In Spain, Communions are almost like weddings.	En España, las comuniones son casi como bodas.
We gave him a bicycle for his Communion.	Le regalamos una bicicleta por su comunión.
to infect, to give (someone an illness)	contagiar
My son has given me his cold.	Mi hijo me ha contagiado el resfriado.
At school, children infect each other a lot.	En el colegio, los niños se contagian mucho.
Her joy infects us all.	Su alegría nos contagia a todos.
to tell off, to scold	reñir
My mother told me off for arriving late.	Mi madre me riñó por llegar tarde.
Don't tell the boy off in front of his friends.	No riñas al niño delante de sus amigos.
The teacher has told us off today for talking in class.	El profesor nos ha reñido hoy por hablar en clase.
to swear (an oath, a promise)	jurar
I swear to you it wasn't me.	Te juro que no he sido yo.
Do you swear?	¿Me lo juras?
He swore that he wouldn't lie again.	Juró que no volvería a mentir.

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