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Spanish (Spain)

### Family by marriage

When you marry, you gain **los suegros** (parents-in-law) and **los cuñados** (brothers- and sisters-in-law). The feminine forms are regular: **la suegra**, **la cuñada**.

| | man | woman |
|---|---|---|
| parent-in-law | **el suegro** | **la suegra** |
| sibling-in-law | **el cuñado** | **la cuñada** |
| parent (what you call them) | **el papá** | **la mamá** |

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**Mamá** and **papá** are what you call your parents. In Spain they work like names, with no article and no *mi*:

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### Love, kisses and hugs

**Te quiero** (*I love you*) is said to a partner, but also to your parents, children and close friends. Kisses and hugs are *given*, so they take an indirect object pronoun: **dar un beso**, **dar un abrazo**.

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You get married **to** someone with **casarse con** — never *casarse a*. And you miss someone with **echar de menos** + personal **a**:

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### Liking people: **caer bien**

To say you like a person, Spanish usually says that the person **cae bien** to you. It is built exactly like **gustar**: the person you like is the subject, and you are the indirect object.

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| me cae bien | I like him / her |
| te cae bien | you like him / her |
| le cae bien | he / she likes him / her |
| me caen bien | I like them |

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The opposite is *caer mal*. Saying *me gusta* about a person often means you find them attractive.

### **y** becomes **e**, **o** becomes **u**

Before a word that starts with the sound *i* (spelled **i-** or **hi-**), **y** becomes **e**. Before the sound *o* (**o-** or **ho-**), **o** becomes **u**. It only avoids two identical sounds in a row.

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**Y** stays before *hie-*, because that sounds like *ye*: *agua y hielo*.

Family and partners (el suegro, casarse)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the father-in-law	el suegro
My father-in-law is very nice.	Mi suegro es muy simpático.
My parents-in-law live in a village.	Mis suegros viven en un pueblo.
My mother-in-law is nice and intelligent.	Mi suegra es simpática e inteligente.
I speak Spanish and English.	Hablo español e inglés.
I have seven or eight cousins.	Tengo siete u ocho primos.
Do you prefer this present or another one?	¿Prefieres este regalo u otro?
the brother-in-law	el cuñado
My brother-in-law is my wife's brother.	Mi cuñado es el hermano de mi mujer.
My sister-in-law is my husband's sister.	Mi cuñada es la hermana de mi marido.
the mom	la mamá
the dad	el papá
Mom, where is Dad?	Mamá, ¿dónde está papá?
Mom and Dad work a lot.	Mamá y papá trabajan mucho.
the love	el amor
Love is very important.	El amor es muy importante.
It is a love song.	Es una canción de amor.
He writes a love letter to his girlfriend.	Le escribe una carta de amor a su novia.
the kiss	el beso
Mom gives me a kiss.	Mamá me da un beso.
Give Grandma a kiss.	Dale un beso a la abuela.
The children give their parents a kiss.	Los niños les dan un beso a sus padres.
the hug	el abrazo
My father gives me a hug.	Mi padre me da un abrazo.
I give my father-in-law a hug.	Le doy un abrazo a mi suegro.
A very big hug!	¡Un abrazo muy fuerte!
to forgive	perdonar
Do you forgive me?	¿Me perdonas?
I'm sorry, forgive me.	Lo siento, perdóname.
My mother always forgives me.	Mi madre siempre me perdona.
to get married	casarse
My sister is getting married in June.	Mi hermana se casa en junio.
When are you guys getting married?	¿Cuándo os casáis?
My cousin is marrying a Japanese girl.	Mi primo se casa con una chica japonesa.
the wedding	la boda
The wedding is in May.	La boda es en mayo.
We are going to my brother-in-law's wedding.	Vamos a la boda de mi cuñado.
At the wedding we dance all night.	En la boda bailamos toda la noche.
to introduce (someone)	presentar
Let me introduce my boyfriend to you.	Te presento a mi novio.
Will you introduce me to your sister?	¿Me presentas a tu hermana?
Let me introduce my parents to you guys.	Os presento a mis padres.
to like (a person)	caer bien
I really like my brother-in-law.	Mi cuñado me cae muy bien.
Do you like your mother-in-law?	¿Te cae bien tu suegra?
My mother really likes my girlfriend.	A mi madre le cae muy bien mi novia.
I like my brothers-in-law.	Mis cuñados me caen bien.
I love you	te quiero
I love you very much, Mom.	Te quiero mucho, mamá.
I love you, Dad.	Te quiero, papá.
Do you love me? Yes, I love you.	¿Me quieres? Sí, te quiero.
to miss (someone)	echar de menos
I miss my family.	Echo de menos a mi familia.
I miss you.	Te echo de menos.
My grandmother misses her husband.	Mi abuela echa de menos a su marido.
the wife (formal)	la esposa
Let me introduce my wife to you.	Le presento a mi esposa.
The director and his wife live in Madrid.	El director y su esposa viven en Madrid.
My boss's wife is a lawyer.	La esposa de mi jefe es abogada.
pregnant	embarazada
My sister-in-law is pregnant.	Mi cuñada está embarazada.
Are you pregnant? How great!	¿Estás embarazada? ¡Qué bien!
the twin	el gemelo
My wife is pregnant with twins.	Mi mujer está embarazada de gemelos.
My cousins are twins.	Mis primos son gemelos.
I have a twin brother.	Tengo un hermano gemelo.
the relative (family member)	el familiar
There are many relatives at the wedding.	En la boda hay muchos familiares.
He is a relative of my husband.	Es un familiar de mi marido.
In summer I visit my relatives in the village.	En verano visito a mis familiares del pueblo.
the couple (two people together)	la pareja
My grandparents are a very nice couple.	Mis abuelos son una pareja muy simpática.
My sister and Pablo are a couple.	Mi hermana y Pablo son pareja.

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