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### New meanings in games and sport

Board games, card games and football bring out new meanings of words you already know.

| word | the meaning you know | in a game |
|---|---|---|
| **{{item:1252608}}** | the letter, the menu | the playing card |
| **{{item:1252612}}** | to play (an instrument), to touch | to be someone's turn |
| **{{item:1252616}}** | to tell (a story) | to count |
| **{{item:1252620}}** | the countryside | the field, the pitch |
| **{{item:1252625}}** | ready | clever |
| **{{item:1252629}}** | to spend (time) | to go by, to go past |

### It's your turn

In this meaning **tocar** works like **gustar**: the person comes first, as **me, te, le, nos, os, les**, and the verb usually stays **toca**.

{{item:1252613}}

{{item:1252614}}

You know **es mi turno**; **me toca** says the same thing.

{{item:1252615}}

### Cards, counting and the pitch

**Jugar a las cartas** is to play cards. **Contar** a story is to tell it; **contar** cards, points or people is to count them.

{{item:1252617}}

**El campo** is the countryside, but a **campo** with players on it is a field or a pitch: **el campo de fútbol**. A farmer's field is a **campo** too.

{{item:1252621}}

### Clever, and time going by

With **ser**, **listo** usually means clever; with **estar**, it means ready.

{{item:1252626}}

With time as the subject, **pasar** usually means to go by. **Pasar por** a place is usually to go past it or through it.

{{item:1252631}}

Cards, turns and the pitch (las cartas, te toca, contar)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the (playing) card	la carta
Shall we play cards?	¿Jugamos a las cartas?
I have three cards and you have two.	Tengo tres cartas y tú tienes dos.
My grandmother always wins at cards.	Mi abuela siempre gana a las cartas.
to be someone's turn (it's your turn)	tocar
It's your turn! Roll the die.	¡Te toca! Tira el dado.
Whose turn is it now?	¿A quién le toca ahora?
Now it's my turn.	Ahora me toca a mí.
to count	contar
Count the cards, please.	Cuenta las cartas, por favor.
My son already counts to a hundred.	Mi hijo ya cuenta hasta cien.
At the end, we count the points.	Al final, contamos los puntos.
the field (farmland; sports pitch)	el campo
The players come out onto the pitch.	Los jugadores salen al campo.
We play football on the school pitch.	Jugamos al fútbol en el campo del colegio.
The football pitch is near my house.	El campo de fútbol está cerca de mi casa.
clever, smart	listo
Your sister is very clever.	Tu hermana es muy lista.
How clever you are! You always win.	¡Qué listo eres! Siempre ganas.
My dog is cleverer than your cat.	Mi perro es más listo que tu gato.
to pass, to go past / to go by (time)	pasar
Time goes by very fast when we play.	El tiempo pasa muy rápido cuando jugamos.
Two hours have already gone by!	¡Ya han pasado dos horas!
Every day I go past the football pitch.	Todos los días paso por el campo de fútbol.

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