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Spanish (Spain)

### Breakfast in Spain

A Spanish **desayuno** is small: a coffee and something sweet, or **una tostada** — a slice of toast. The classic is toast with crushed tomato and olive oil; at home many people prefer **mantequilla** (butter) and **mermelada** (jam).

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### Coffee: **solo**, **cortado** or **con leche**

Ordering coffee in Spain is really about how much milk you want.

| you ask for | what you get |
|---|---|
| **un café solo** | a small black coffee (an espresso) |
| **un cortado** | an espresso with a dash of milk |
| **un café con leche** | a big cup of coffee with plenty of hot milk |

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### **El almuerzo**: the mid-morning snack

Breakfast is light and lunch (**la comida**) comes late, at two or three, so many people in Spain stop around eleven for **el almuerzo** — a coffee, a sandwich or a slice of tortilla. In some regions, and in more formal Spanish, **el almuerzo** is lunch itself, so read it in context. The afternoon snack is **la merienda**.

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### Sweet things and drinks

**La galleta** is a biscuit and **el helado** is ice cream. **El chocolate** is eaten, and in Spain also drunk — thick and hot. Anything you drink is **una bebida**.

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### Flavors with **de**

Where English puts one noun in front of another (*orange jam*, *lemon ice cream*), Spanish puts the main thing first and the flavor after **de**: **mermelada de naranja**, **helado de limón**, **galletas de chocolate**.

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Breakfast and snacks (la tostada, el cortado)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the toast	la tostada
I have a slice of toast with tomato for breakfast.	Desayuno una tostada con tomate.
I always have toast with oil for breakfast.	Siempre desayuno tostadas con aceite.
The toast is cold.	La tostada está fría.
the butter	la mantequilla
Do you want a slice of toast with butter?	¿Quieres una tostada con mantequilla?
I like bread with butter.	Me gusta el pan con mantequilla.
There is no butter in the kitchen.	No hay mantequilla en la cocina.
The butter is on the table.	La mantequilla está en la mesa.
the jam	la mermelada
My daughter eats toast with jam.	Mi hija come tostadas con mermelada.
Do you like orange jam?	¿Te gusta la mermelada de naranja?
This jam is very sweet.	Esta mermelada es muy dulce.
the biscuit	la galleta
The children eat biscuits with milk.	Los niños comen galletas con leche.
Do you want a biscuit?	¿Quieres una galleta?
I almost never eat biscuits.	Casi nunca como galletas.
the chocolate	el chocolate
These chocolate biscuits are very good.	Estas galletas de chocolate son muy buenas.
Sometimes I have a hot chocolate.	A veces tomo un chocolate caliente.
I don't like dark chocolate.	No me gusta el chocolate negro.
the ice cream	el helado
In summer we almost always eat ice cream.	En verano casi siempre comemos helado.
Do you want a lemon ice cream?	¿Quieres un helado de limón?
The children are eating ice creams.	Los niños están comiendo helados.
the mid-morning snack / the lunch	el almuerzo
My mid-morning snack is a sandwich.	Mi almuerzo es un bocadillo.
We have the mid-morning snack at eleven.	Tomamos el almuerzo a las once.
The mid-morning snack is at half past eleven.	El almuerzo es a las once y media.
the drink	la bebida
Which drink do you want?	¿Qué bebida quieres?
The drinks are on the table.	Las bebidas están en la mesa.
Orange juice is a very good drink.	El zumo de naranja es una bebida muy buena.
There are no cold drinks.	No hay bebidas frías.
the cortado (espresso with a dash of milk)	el cortado
A cortado, please.	Un cortado, por favor.
I always have a cortado in the morning.	Siempre tomo un cortado por la mañana.
Can I have a cortado and a slice of toast?	¿Me pones un cortado y una tostada?
The cortado has little milk.	El cortado tiene poca leche.

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