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Spanish (Spain)

### Introduction to DIY

In Spanish, the general term for DIY or home improvement is **el bricolaje**.

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A power drill (**el taladro**) is one of the most important tools for these projects.

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### Hand tools and fasteners

To drive in a screw (**el tornillo**), you need a screwdriver (**el destornillador**).

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For gripping, twisting, or pulling, use pliers (**los alicates**). Just like in English, this word is always plural.

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To drive a nail (**el clavo**), grab a hammer (**el martillo**).

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To tighten or loosen a nut (**la tuerca**), use a wrench (**la llave inglesa**).

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### Measuring, sticking, and cutting

A tape measure (**la cinta métrica**) helps you get accurate dimensions.

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For joining materials like wood (**la madera**), use glue (**el pegamento**).

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If materials need to be resized, cut them with a saw (**la sierra**).

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Basic Tools and DIY

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the DIY	el bricolaje
They say that DIY is very useful.	Dicen que el bricolaje es muy útil.
the drill	el taladro
My sister has put the drill in the drawer.	Mi hermana ha puesto el taladro en el cajón.
the screwdriver	el destornillador
I need the screwdriver for this screw.	Necesito el destornillador para este tornillo.
the nut (hardware)	la tuerca
the pliers	los alicates
The woman has turned the nut with the pliers.	La mujer ha girado la tuerca con los alicates.
the nail (hardware)	el clavo
You can use the pliers to take out the nail.	Puedes usar los alicates para sacar el clavo.
The man puts the nail in with the hammer.	El hombre mete el clavo con el martillo.
the tape measure	la cinta métrica
The tape measure is basic for DIY.	La cinta métrica es básica para el bricolaje.
the glue	el pegamento
This glue is good for the wood.	Este pegamento es bueno para la madera.
the saw	la sierra
I have cut the wood with the saw.	He cortado la madera con la sierra.
The saw is broken.	La sierra está rota.
I prefer the small drill.	Prefiero el taladro pequeño.
the wrench	la llave inglesa
He has returned the wrench and the screwdriver to me.	Él me ha devuelto la llave inglesa y el destornillador.
Where is the wrench for this nut?	¿Dónde está la llave inglesa para esta tuerca?
I need the measuring tape and the glue to fix this.	Necesito la cinta métrica y el pegamento para arreglar esto.
the ladder	la escalera
I need a ladder to change the lightbulb.	Necesito una escalera para cambiar la bombilla.
I've left the ladder and the drill in the garage.	He dejado la escalera y el taladro en el garaje.
flat (surface)	plano
The kitchen floor isn't flat.	El suelo de la cocina no está plano.
Can you pass me the flathead screwdriver?	¿Me acercas el destornillador plano?
the width	el ancho
Measure the width of the door with the tape measure.	Mide el ancho de la puerta con la cinta métrica.
The width of the window is eighty centimeters.	El ancho de la ventana es de ochenta centímetros.
to hold (in place), to hold steady	sujetar
Hold the wood steady while I cut it.	Sujeta la madera mientras la corto.
Will you hold the nail for me? I'm going to use the hammer.	¿Me sujetas el clavo? Voy a usar el martillo.

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