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Spanish (Spain)

### Near and far

Use **estar** for where something is, and **cerca** (near) or **lejos** (far) for the distance. Add **de** to say near or far *from what*: *cerca de la plaza*.

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### Left, right, straight on

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **a la derecha** | on / to the right |
| **a la izquierda** | on / to the left |
| **todo recto** | straight ahead |

*La derecha* and *la izquierda* are nouns, so they keep **la**, and **a** in front gives the direction. *Todo recto* is the Spanish of Spain for *straight on*.

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### Here, there, over there

Spanish has three distances where English has two:

| word | where |
|---|---|
| **aquí** | here, by me |
| **ahí** | there, by you |
| **allí** | over there, away from us both |

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### On foot

**A pie** means *on foot*, the walking partner of *en coche* and *en tren*.

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Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
near / nearby	cerca
Excuse me, is there a bank nearby?	Perdona, ¿hay un banco cerca?
The cathedral is near the square.	La catedral está cerca de la plaza.
far	lejos
The airport is very far.	El aeropuerto está muy lejos.
Is the museum far?	¿Está lejos el museo?
the right (side)	la derecha
The hotel is on the right.	El hotel está a la derecha.
The pharmacy is to the right of the church.	La farmacia está a la derecha de la iglesia.
the left (side)	la izquierda
The bank is on the left.	El banco está a la izquierda.
straight ahead	todo recto
You go straight ahead and it is on the left.	Vas todo recto y está a la izquierda.
The square is straight ahead.	La plaza está todo recto.
there (near you)	ahí
Your book is there.	Tu libro está ahí.
What is there?	¿Qué hay ahí?
on foot	a pie
I go to school on foot.	Voy a pie a la escuela.
Shall we go on foot or by car?	¿Vamos a pie o en coche?

Contributors