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Spanish (Spain)

### **Los electrodomésticos**

**Un electrodoméstico** is any household appliance: **la lavadora**, **el frigorífico**, **el lavavajillas**, **la plancha**, **el ventilador**. **El lavavajillas** is the same in the plural (**los lavavajillas**), and in Spain it also names the dishwashing liquid.

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### When a machine breaks down

**Estropear** is to ruin something. **Estropearse** is what a machine does when it stops working, and afterwards it **está estropeado**.

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### **Tender la ropa**

**Tender** is to hang out the laundry. Many people in Spain dry their clothes on a line — on the balcony or in an inner courtyard — rather than in a dryer. It changes **e → ie** like **querer**: **tiendo**, subjunctive **tienda**, but **tendamos**, **tendáis**.

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### **La plancha** and **el techo**

**La plancha** is the iron; on a menu, **a la plancha** means cooked on a hot metal plate. Inside, **el techo** is the ceiling; the tiled roof is **el tejado**. **La chimenea** is both the fireplace and the chimney.

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### **Pedir que**, **recomendar que**

When you ask or advise someone else to do something, the second verb is in the subjunctive: the present subjunctive when the asking verb is in the present (*me pide que **guarde***), the imperfect subjunctive after a past one (*me pidió que **guardara***):

| request | infinitive → subjunctive |
|---|---|
| Mi padre me pide que **guarde** la plancha. | guardar → guarde |
| Te recomiendo que **limpies** la chimenea. | limpiar → limpies |
| Mi abuela pide que **apaguemos** el ventilador. | apagar → apaguemos |

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Appliances and laundry (el lavavajillas, tender)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the household appliance	el electrodoméstico
I recommend that you buy the appliances in the sales.	Te recomiendo que compres los electrodomésticos en las rebajas.
New appliances use less electricity.	Los electrodomésticos nuevos gastan menos electricidad.
the dishwasher	el lavavajillas
The washing machine and the dishwasher are household appliances.	La lavadora y el lavavajillas son electrodomésticos.
My mother asks me to put the dishwasher on.	Mi madre me pide que ponga el lavavajillas.
With the dishwasher we don't have to do the dishes.	Con el lavavajillas no tenemos que fregar.
The dishwasher doesn't work well.	El lavavajillas no funciona bien.
the fan (electric)	el ventilador
It's very hot; turn on the fan.	Hace mucho calor; enciende el ventilador.
My grandmother asks that we turn off the fan.	Mi abuela pide que apaguemos el ventilador.
the iron (for clothes)	la plancha
The iron is very hot.	La plancha está muy caliente.
Where is the iron? I have to iron this shirt.	¿Dónde está la plancha? Tengo que planchar esta camisa.
My father asks me to put the iron away.	Mi padre me pide que guarde la plancha.
to hang out (the laundry)	tender
I'm asking you guys to hang out the laundry before eating.	Os pido que tendáis la ropa antes de comer.
I hang the laundry out on the balcony.	Tiendo la ropa en el balcón.
Don't hang out the laundry today: it's going to rain.	No tiendas la ropa hoy: va a llover.
the ceiling	el techo
The ceiling fan makes a lot of noise.	El ventilador del techo hace mucho ruido.
There is a stain on the bathroom ceiling.	Hay una mancha en el techo del baño.
The ceilings in this house are very high.	Los techos de esta casa son muy altos.
the fireplace, the chimney	la chimenea
In winter we light the fireplace.	En invierno encendemos la chimenea.
I recommend that you clean the chimney before winter.	Te recomiendo que limpies la chimenea antes del invierno.
We sit next to the fireplace.	Nos sentamos al lado de la chimenea.
electric, electrical	eléctrico
We want to buy an electric car.	Queremos comprar un coche eléctrico.
This flat has electric heating.	Este piso tiene calefacción eléctrica.
They recommend that we don't touch the electric cable.	Recomiendan que no toquemos el cable eléctrico.
to break down (machines) / to get ruined, to spoil	estropearse
The dishwasher has broken down.	El lavavajillas se ha estropeado.
The fan is broken.	El ventilador está estropeado.
If the iron breaks down, we'll buy another one.	Si se estropea la plancha, compraremos otra.
the hob, the cooktop	la placa
Don't touch the hob: it's still hot.	No toques la placa: todavía está caliente.
Our kitchen has an electric hob.	Nuestra cocina tiene una placa eléctrica.
to fold	doblar
I'm asking you guys to fold the clothes when they're dry.	Os pido que dobléis la ropa cuando esté seca.
My father folds the towels and puts them away in the wardrobe.	Mi padre dobla las toallas y las guarda en el armario.
to program, to set (an appliance, a timer)	programar
I've set the washing machine for seven.	He programado la lavadora para las siete.
Do you know how to program the dishwasher?	¿Sabes programar el lavavajillas?
My son is learning to program.	Mi hijo está aprendiendo a programar.
to plug in	enchufar
Plug in the iron, please.	Enchufa la plancha, por favor.
The washing machine doesn't work because it isn't plugged in.	La lavadora no funciona porque no está enchufada.
the (light) switch	el interruptor
Where is the light switch?	¿Dónde está el interruptor de la luz?
The switch on the fan is broken.	El interruptor del ventilador está roto.

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