Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### Gender Agreement (-o and -a)

In Spanish, adjectives must match the noun they describe in both **gender** (masculine or feminine) and **number** (singular or plural).

For most adjectives, the masculine form ends in **-o** and the feminine form ends in **-a**.

{{item:1101202}}

### Number Agreement (-os and -as)

To make these adjectives plural, simply add **-s**. A masculine or mixed plural group uses **-os**, while a strictly feminine group uses **-as**.

| Gender | Singular | Plural |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Masculine** | -o | -os |
| **Feminine** | -a | -as |

{{item:1101203}}

### Adjective Placement

In English, we usually put the adjective before the noun (for example, "the red car"). In Spanish, descriptive adjectives typically come **after** the noun they describe. They still must agree in gender and number with that noun.

{{item:1101207}}

{{item:1101210}}

### Adjectives Ending in -e

Not all adjectives end in *-o* or *-a*. Some adjectives end in **-e**, like *grande* (big), *verde* (green), or *inteligente* (smart). These adjectives are gender-neutral, meaning you use the exact same form for both masculine and feminine nouns.

{{item:1101212}}

To make them plural, you still need to match the number of the noun. Just add **-s**, regardless of the noun's gender.

{{item:1101217}}

{{item:1101224}}

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
tall / high (amount, level)	alto
short / low	bajo
The man is tall and the woman is short.	El hombre es alto y la mujer es baja.
The boys are tall and the girls are short.	Los niños son altos y las niñas son bajas.
new / another, different (before the noun)	nuevo
red	rojo
fast	rápido
The new car is red and fast.	El coche nuevo es rojo y rápido.
old	viejo
white	blanco
The old houses are white.	Las casas viejas son blancas.
black	negro
Is the black dog big or small?	¿El perro negro es grande o pequeño?
pretty	bonito
The black cats are pretty and fast.	Los gatos negros son bonitos y rápidos.
The flowers are red and pretty.	Las flores son rojas y bonitas.
green	verde
The trees are green and old.	Los árboles son verdes y viejos.
bad	malo
slow	lento
The bad animal is slow.	El animal malo es lento.
The new books are good, and the old books are bad.	Los libros nuevos son buenos, y los libros viejos son malos.
Are the green cars slow?	¿Los coches verdes son lentos?
The white house is new.	La casa blanca es nueva.
The smart dogs are white or black.	Los perros inteligentes son blancos o negros.
This is bad.	Esto es malo.
We are fast and you are slow.	Nosotros somos rápidos y vosotros sois lentos.
brown	marrón
The dog is brown.	El perro es marrón.
The cats are brown.	Los gatos son marrones.
The book is brown and the tree is green.	El libro es marrón y el árbol es verde.
dark	oscuro
The house is old and dark.	La casa es vieja y oscura.
The animal is small and dark.	El animal es pequeño y oscuro.
yellow	amarillo
The flower is yellow.	La flor es amarilla.
The yellow car is fast.	El coche amarillo es rápido.
grey	gris
The cat is grey.	El gato es gris.
The grey cars are old.	Los coches grises son viejos.

Contributors